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Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information	Dec. 31, 2018 shares
Entity Registrant Name	Pinduoduo Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001737806
Document Type	20-F
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Class A ordinary shares
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	2,381,240,988
Class B ordinary shares
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	2,074,447,700

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Jan. 01, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,059,533	¥ 14,160,322		¥ 3,058,152	¥ 1,319,843
Restricted cash	2,382,280	16,379,364		9,370,849
Receivables from online payment platforms	36,010	247,586		88,173
Short-term investments	1,109,838	7,630,689		50,000
Amounts due from related parties	148,212	1,019,033		442,912
Prepayments and other current assets	138,752	953,989		127,742
Total current assets	5,874,625	40,390,983		13,137,828
Non-current assets
Property and equipment, net	4,229	29,075		9,279
Intangible asset	375,149	2,579,338
Loan to a related party				162,363
Other non-current assets	26,568	182,667		5,000
Total non-current assets	405,946	2,791,080		176,642
Total Assets	6,280,571	43,182,063		13,314,470
Current liabilities
Amounts due to related parties (including amounts due to related parties of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiary of RMB56,032 and RMB458,147 (US$66,635) as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	69,539	478,113		76,057
Customer advances (including customer advances of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiary of RMB56,453 and RMB190,382 (US$27,690) as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	27,850	191,482	¥ 56,453	56,453
Payable to merchants (including payable to merchants of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiary of RMB9,838,519 and RMB17,275,934 (US$2,512,680) as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	2,512,680	17,275,934		9,838,519
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (including accrued expenses and other liabilities of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiary of RMB208,301 and RMB1,500,951 (US$218,304) as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	323,712	2,225,667		360,393
Merchant deposits (including merchant deposits of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without recourse to the primary beneficiary of RMB1,778,085 and RMB4,188,273 (US$609,159) as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	609,159	4,188,273		1,778,085
Total current liabilities	3,542,940	24,359,469		12,109,507
Total liabilities	3,542,940	24,359,469		12,109,507
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				2,196,921
Shareholders' (deficits)/equity
Additional paid-in capital	4,234,532	29,114,527		61,326
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income	150,648	1,035,783		(23,101)
Accumulated deficits	(1,647,569)	(11,327,858)		(1,030,237)
Total shareholders' (deficits)/equity	2,737,631	18,822,594		(991,958)	¥ (426,278)	¥ (127,936)
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' (deficits)/equity	6,280,571	43,182,063		13,314,470
Series A1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				4,224
Series A2 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				48,815
Series B1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				219,448
Series B2 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				29,451
Series B3 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				153,009
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				327,786
Series C1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				96,052
C2 Convertible Preferred Shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				638,863
Series C3 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity				679,273
Class A ordinary shares
Shareholders' (deficits)/equity
Common Shares	11	78		1
Class B ordinary shares
Shareholders' (deficits)/equity
Common Shares	$ 9	¥ 64		¥ 53

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥) shares	Jan. 01, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 shares
Amounts due to related parties	$ 69,539	¥ 478,113			¥ 76,057
Customer advances	27,850	191,482	¥ 56,453		56,453
Payable to merchants	2,512,680	17,275,934			9,838,519
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	323,712	2,225,667			360,393
Merchant deposits	$ 609,159	¥ 4,188,273			¥ 1,778,085
Ordinary shares, outstanding					1,758,769,820	1,815,200,000
Series A1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			$ 0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0			71,849,380
Convertible preferred shares, issued					71,849,380
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding					71,849,380
Series A2 convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0			238,419,800
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0			238,419,800
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0			238,419,800
Series B1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0			211,588,720
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0			211,588,720
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0			211,588,720
Series B2 convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0			27,781,280
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0			27,781,280
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0			27,781,280
Series B3 convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0			145,978,540
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0			145,978,540
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0			145,978,540
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0			292,414,780
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0			292,414,780
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0			292,414,780
Series C1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0			56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0			56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0			56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, subscription receivable \| ¥		¥ 0			¥ 13,758
C2 Convertible Preferred Shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0			238,260,780
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0			238,260,780
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0			238,260,780
Series C3 convertible preferred shares
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized					241,604,260
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0			241,604,260
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding					241,604,260
Class A ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			0.000005
Ordinary shares, shares authorized	77,300,000,000	77,300,000,000			6,208,214,480
Shares issued	2,381,240,988	2,381,240,988			42,486,360
Ordinary shares, outstanding	2,381,240,988	2,381,240,988			42,486,360
Class B ordinary shares
Ordinary shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005			$ 0.000005
Ordinary shares, shares authorized	2,200,000,000	2,200,000,000			1,716,283,460
Shares issued	2,074,447,700	2,074,447,700			1,716,283,460
Ordinary shares, outstanding	2,074,447,700	2,074,447,700			1,716,283,460
Consolidated VIE
Amounts due to related parties	$ 66,635	¥ 458,147			¥ 56,032
Customer advances	27,690	190,382			56,453
Payable to merchants	2,512,680	17,275,934			9,838,519
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	218,304	1,500,951			208,301
Merchant deposits	$ 609,159	¥ 4,188,273			¥ 1,778,085

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares
Revenues
Revenues	$ 1,908,223	¥ 13,119,990	¥ 1,744,076	¥ 504,864
Costs of revenues
Total costs of revenues	(422,551)	(2,905,249)	(722,830)	(577,870)
Gross (loss)/profit	1,485,672	10,214,741	1,021,246	(73,006)
Sales and marketing expenses	(1,955,031)	(13,441,813)	(1,344,582)	(168,990)
General and administrative expenses	(939,075)	(6,456,612)	(133,207)	(14,793)
Research and development expenses	(162,324)	(1,116,057)	(129,181)	(29,421)
Impairment of a long-term investment		0	(10,000)	0
Total operating expenses	(3,056,430)	(21,014,482)	(1,616,970)	(213,204)
Operating loss	(1,570,758)	(10,799,741)	(595,724)	(286,210)
Interest income	85,076	584,940	80,783	4,460
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	1,460	10,037	(11,547)	475
Changes in the fair value of warrant liability				(8,668)
Other (loss)/income, net	(1,798)	(12,361)	1,373	(2,034)
Loss before income tax	(1,486,020)	(10,217,125)	(525,115)	(291,977)
Net loss	(1,486,020)	(10,217,125)	(525,115)	(291,977)
Deemed distribution to certain holders of convertible preferred shares	(11,708)	(80,496)		(30,430)
Contribution from a holder of convertible preferred shares			26,413
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	$ (1,497,728)	¥ (10,297,621)	¥ (498,702)	¥ (322,407)
Loss per share:
Basic \| (per share)	$ (0.50)	¥ (3.47)	¥ (0.28)	¥ (0.18)
Diluted \| (per share)	$ (0.50)	¥ (3.47)	¥ (0.28)	¥ (0.18)
Shares used in loss per share computation
Basic \| shares	2,968,319,549	2,968,319,549	1,764,799,346	1,815,200,000
Diluted \| shares	2,968,319,549	2,968,319,549	1,764,799,346	1,815,200,000
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Foreign currency translation difference, net of tax of nil	$ 154,008	¥ 1,058,884	¥ (47,681)	¥ 20,001
Comprehensive loss	(1,332,012)	(9,158,241)	(572,796)	(271,976)
Online marketplace services
Revenues
Revenues	1,908,223	13,119,990	1,740,691	48,276
Costs of revenues
Total costs of revenues	$ (422,551)	¥ (2,905,249)	(719,778)	(93,551)
Merchandise sales
Revenues
Revenues			3,385	456,588
Costs of revenues
Total costs of revenues			¥ (3,052)	¥ (484,319)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Parenthetical) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Other comprehensive income/(loss), tax	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0
Foreign currency translation difference, tax	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' (DEFICITS)/EQUITY ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Ordinary shares USD ($) shares	Ordinary shares CNY (¥) shares	Additional paid in capital USD ($)	Additional paid in capital CNY (¥)	Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income USD ($)	Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income CNY (¥)	Accumulated Deficits USD ($)	Accumulated Deficits CNY (¥)	Class B ordinary shares shares	USD ($) shares	CNY (¥) shares
Balance at beginning of the year at Dec. 31, 2015		¥ 56		¥ 17,467		¥ 4,579		¥ (150,038)			¥ (127,936)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015 \| shares	1,815,200,000	1,815,200,000
Changes in equity
Net loss								(291,977)			(291,977)
Foreign currency translation difference						20,001					20,001
Deemed distribution to certain holders of convertible preferred shares								(30,430)			(30,430)
Share-based compensation				4,064							4,064
Balance at end of the year at Dec. 31, 2016		¥ 56		21,531		24,580		(472,445)			¥ (426,278)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016 \| shares	1,815,200,000	1,815,200,000								1,815,200,000	1,815,200,000
Changes in equity
Net loss								(525,115)			¥ (525,115)
Foreign currency translation difference						(47,681)					(47,681)
Repurchase and cancellation of Class B ordinary shares		¥ (2)		2				(32,677)			¥ (32,677)
Repurchase and cancellation of Class B ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares										(56,430,180)	(56,430,180)
Contribution from a holder of convertible preferred shares				26,413							¥ 26,413
Share-based compensation				13,380							13,380
Balance at end of the year at Dec. 31, 2017		¥ 54		61,326		(23,101)		(1,030,237)			¥ (991,958)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017 \| shares	1,758,769,820	1,758,769,820							1,716,283,460	1,758,769,820	1,758,769,820
Changes in equity
Net loss								(10,217,125)		$ (1,486,020)	¥ (10,217,125)
Foreign currency translation difference						1,058,884				$ 154,008	1,058,884
Deemed distribution to certain holders of convertible preferred shares								(80,496)			(80,496)
Conversion of convertible preferred shares to ordinary shares		¥ 67		10,950,438							¥ 10,950,505
Conversion of convertible preferred shares to ordinary shares (in shares) \| shares										2,075,502,060	2,075,502,060
Initial public offering		13		11,523,618							¥ 11,523,631
Initial public offering (in shares) \| shares										366,943,308	366,943,308
Share-based compensation		8		6,579,145							¥ 6,579,153
Share-based compensation (in shares) \| shares										254,473,500	254,473,500
Balance at end of the year at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 20	¥ 142	$ 4,234,532	¥ 29,114,527	$ 150,648	¥ 1,035,783	$ (1,647,569)	¥ (11,327,858)		$ 2,737,631	¥ 18,822,594
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018 \| shares	4,455,688,688	4,455,688,688							2,074,447,700

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (1,486,020)	¥ (10,217,125)	¥ (525,115)	¥ (291,977)
Depreciation and amortization	72,286	497,003	2,265	756
Impairment of long-term investment		0	10,000	0
Change in the fair value of warrant liability				8,668
Interest income	(11,383)	(78,267)	(2,573)
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	2	13	64
Share-based compensation	995,066	6,841,573	13,380	4,064
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables from online payment platforms	(23,186)	(159,413)	(77,891)	(8,316)
Amounts due from related parties	(83,793)	(576,121)	(350,265)	(2,748)
Prepayments and other current assets	(114,694)	(788,577)	(87,614)	98,715
Amounts due to related parties	58,477	402,056	51,081	(42,319)
Customer advances	19,639	135,029	54,299	(102,731)
Payables to merchants	1,081,727	7,437,415	8,721,721	1,091,603
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	271,130	1,864,153	318,363	(95,410)
Merchant deposits	350,547	2,410,188	1,558,613	219,472
Net cash flow generated from operating activities	1,129,798	7,767,927	9,686,328	879,777
CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of short-term investments	(1,093,211)	(7,516,370)	(1,393,000)	(320,000)
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments	7,272	50,000	1,633,000	30,000
Purchase of long-term investments	(26,854)	(184,637)		(15,000)
Proceeds from disposal of a long-term investment	727	5,000
Purchase of property and equipment	(3,975)	(27,331)	(8,921)	(2,301)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment	6	39	362
Loan to a related party			(159,790)
Repayment from a related party	23,240	159,790
Loans to third parties, net of repayment	(5,090)	(35,000)
Net cash flow (used in) / generated from investing activities	(1,097,885)	(7,548,509)	71,651	(307,301)
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Deemed distribution				(18,326)
Proceeds from initial public offering	1,727,866	11,879,944
Initial public offering costs	(51,823)	(356,313)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred shares	847,148	5,824,568	1,446,906	511,911
Costs incurred for the issuance of convertible preferred shares	(559)	(3,842)	(15,369)	(7,047)
Repurchase of Class B ordinary shares			(32,677)
Net cash flow generated from financing activities	2,522,632	17,344,357	1,398,860	486,538
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	79,545	546,910	(47,681)	20,397
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	2,634,090	18,110,685	11,109,158	1,079,411
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	1,807,723	12,429,001	1,319,843	240,432
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year	4,441,813	30,539,686	12,429,001	1,319,843
Supplement disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest received	63,034	433,390	52,150	3,992
Supplement disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment included in accrued expenses and other liabilities	192	1,319	198
Purchase of property and equipment included in prepayments, other receivables and other current assets	388	2,670
Acquisition of intangible asset	414,860	2,852,370
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statements of cash flows	$ 1,807,723	¥ 12,429,001	¥ 1,319,843	¥ 240,432

Organization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization

Organization

1. Organization

Pinduoduo Inc. (the ‘‘Company’’) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 20, 2015 under the Cayman Islands Companies Law as an exempted company with limited liability. The Company through its consolidated subsidiaries, variable interest entity (the ‘‘VIE’’) and the subsidiaries of the VIE (collectively, the ‘‘Group’’) are principally engaged in the merchandise sales and the provision of online marketplace to help merchants leverage the power of the internet to engage with their customers in the People’s Republic of China (the ‘‘PRC’’ or ‘‘China’’). Due to the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership and investment in such business, the Company conducts its primary business operations through its VIE and subsidiary of the VIE. The Company is ultimately controlled by Mr. Zheng Huang (the ‘‘Founder’’) since its establishment.

As of December 31, 2018, the details of the Company’s major subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE are as follows:


			Percentage of
	Date of	Place of	ownership by the				Principal
Entity	incorporation	incorporation	Company				activities
			Direct		Indirect
Subsidiaries:
HongKong Walnut Street Limited ("Walnut HK")	April 28, 2015	Hong Kong	100	%	—		Holding company
Hangzhou Weimi Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Hangzhou Weimi" or the "WFOE")	May 28, 2015	PRC	100	%	—		Technology research and development
Shenzhen Qianhai Xinzhijiang Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xinzhijiang”)	April 25, 2018	PRC	100	%	—		E-commerce platform

VIE:
Hangzhou Aimi Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Hangzhou Aimi" or the "VIE")	April 14, 2015	PRC	—		100	%	E-commerce platform

VIE’s subsidiary:
Shanghai Xunmeng Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Shanghai Xunmeng")	January 9, 2014	PRC	—		100	%	E-commerce platform

In June 2016, the Company obtained 100% equity interest in Shanghai Xunmeng which was controlled by the Founder since its establishment. The transaction undertaken by the Company and the Founder to restructure the Group was accounted for as a legal reorganization of entities under common control in a manner similar to a pooling of interest using historical cost. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the periods presented.

The VIE agreements

The PRC laws and regulations currently place certain restrictions on foreign ownership of companies that engage in internet content and other restricted businesses. To comply with PRC laws and regulations, the Group conducts all of its business in China through the VIE and subsidiaries of the VIE. Despite the lack of technical majority ownership, the Company has effective control of the VIE through a series of contractual arrangements (the "Contractual Agreements’’) and a parent-subsidiary relationship exists between the Company and the VIE. The equity interests of the VIE are legally held by PRC individuals and a PRC entity (the ‘‘Nominee Shareholders’’). Through the Contractual Agreements, the Nominee Shareholders of the VIE effectively assigned all of their voting rights underlying their equity interests in the VIE to the Company, via the WFOE, and therefore, the Company has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance. The Company also has the right to receive economic benefits and obligations to absorb losses from the VIE, via the WFOE, that potentially could be significant to the VIE. Based on the above, the Company consolidates the VIE in accordance with SEC Regulation SX-3A-02 and ASC810-10, Consolidation: Overall.

The following is a summary of the Contractual Agreements:

Exclusive Option Agreements Pursuant to the Exclusive Option Agreements entered into between the Nominee Shareholders, the VIE and the WFOE, the Nominee Shareholders granted to the WFOE or its designees proxy of shareholders rights and voting rights of their respective equity interests in the VIE. The WFOE has the sole discretion as to when to exercise the options, whether in part or full. The exercise price of the options to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE will be the minimum amount of consideration permitted by the applicable PRC laws. Any proceeds received by the Nominee Shareholders from the exercise of the options shall be remitted to the WFOE or its designated party, to the extent permitted under PRC laws. The Exclusive Option Agreements will remain in effect until all the equity interests in VIE held by Nominee Shareholders are transferred to the WFOE or its designated party. The WFOE may terminate the Exclusive Option Agreements at its sole discretion, whereas under no circumstances may the VIE or the Nominee Shareholders terminate the agreements.

Equity Pledge Agreement Pursuant to the Equity Pledge Agreement entered into among the WFOE (the ''Pledge Agreement''), the Nominee Shareholders and the VIE, the Nominee Shareholders pledged all of their equity interests in the VIE to the WFOE as collateral to secure their obligations under the Contractual Agreements. The Nominee Shareholders further undertake that they will remit any distributions in connection with such shareholders’ equity interests in the VIE to the WFOE, to the extent permitted by PRC laws. If the VIE or any of their Nominee Shareholders breach any of their respective contractual obligations under the above agreements, the WFOE, as the pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to sell, transfer or dispose of the pledged equity interest. The Nominee Shareholders of the VIE agree not to create any encumbrance on or otherwise transfer or dispose of their respective equity interest in the VIE, without the prior consent of the WFOE. The Equity Pledge Agreement will be valid until the VIE and the shareholders fulfill all the contractual obligations under the Contractual Agreements in full and the pledged equity interests have been transferred to the WFOE and/or its designee.

Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement Pursuant to the Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement entered into between the Nominee Shareholders, the VIE and the WFOE (the ''Proxy Agreement''), the Nominee Shareholders authorized the WFOE or its designated party to act on behalf of the Nominee Shareholders as exclusive agent and attorney with all respect to all matters concerning the shareholding including but not limited to attend shareholders’ meetings of the VIE; (2) exercise all the shareholders’ rights, including voting rights; and (3) designate and appoint on behalf of each shareholder the senior management members of the VIE. The proxy remains irrevocable and continuously valid from the date of execution so long as each Nominee Shareholder remains as a shareholder of the VIE. The proxy agreements were subsequently reassigned to the Company.

Exclusive Consulting and Services Agreement Pursuant to the Exclusive Consulting and Services Agreement (the ''Consulting and Services Agreement''), WFOE retains exclusive right to provide to the VIE the technical support and consulting services, including but not limited to, technology development and maintenance service, marketing consulting service and administrative consulting service. WFOE owns the intellectual property rights developed in the performance of the agreement. In exchange for these services, WFOE is entitled to charge the VIE annual service fees which typically amount to what would be substantially all of the VIE’s pre-tax profits, resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the VIE to the WFOE. The term of the agreement is 10 years, expiring on June 5, 2025, which will be automatically renewed every ten-year thereafter if the WFOE does not provide notice of termination to the Nominee Shareholders three months prior to expiration.

Financial support undertaking letter The Company and the VIE entered into a financial support undertaking letter pursuant to which, the Company is obligated and hereby undertakes to provide unlimited financial support to the VIE, to the extent permissible under the applicable PRC laws and regulations, whether or not any such operational loss is actually incurred. The Company will not request repayment of the loans or borrowings if the VIE or its shareholders do not have sufficient funds or are unable to repay.

In the opinion of the Company’s management and PRC counsel, (i) the ownership structure of the Group, including its subsidiary, the VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE, is not in violation with any applicable PRC laws, (ii) each of the VIE agreements is legal, valid, binding and enforceable to each party of such agreements in accordance with its terms and applicable PRC Laws; and (iii) each of the Group’s PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE have the necessary corporate power and authority to conduct its business as described in its business scope under its business license, which is in full force and effect, and the Group’s business operation in PRC are in compliance with existing PRC laws and regulations.

However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could cause the relevant regulatory authorities to find the current Contractual Agreements and businesses to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations. If the Company, the WFOE or any of its current or future VIE are found in violation of any existing or future laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, which may include, but not limited to, revocation of business and operating licenses, being required to discontinue or restrict its business operations, restriction of the Group’s right to collect revenues, being required to restructure its operations, imposition of additional conditions or requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply, or other regulatory or enforcement actions against the Group that could be harmful to its business. The imposition of any of these or other penalties may result in a material and adverse effect on the Group’s ability to conduct its business. In addition, if the imposition of any of these penalties causes the Company to lose the rights to direct the activities of the VIE or the right to receive their economic benefits, the Company would no longer be able to consolidate the VIE.

In addition, if the VIE or the Nominee Shareholders fail to perform their obligations under the Contractual Agreements, the Group may have to incur substantial costs and expend resources to enforce the primary beneficiary’ rights under the contracts. The Group may have to rely on legal remedies under PRC laws, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief and claiming damages, which may not be effective. All of the Contractual Agreements are governed by PRC laws and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in the PRC. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC laws and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Group’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Under PRC laws, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would incur additional expenses and delay. In the event the Group is unable to enforce the Contractual Agreements, the primary beneficiary may not be able to exert effective control over its VIE, and the Group’s ability to conduct its business may be negatively affected.

The VIE contributed 72.4%, 100% and 77.3% of the Group’s consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the VIE accounted for an aggregate of 92.8% and 53.1%, respectively of the consolidated total assets, and 98.6% and 96.9%, respectively of the consolidated total liabilities.

Other revenue-producing assets held by the VIE and its subsidiaries mainly include licenses, such as the internet content provision license and internally-developed intangible assets including trademarks, patents, copyrights and domain names.

The following tables represent the financial information for the VIE as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 before eliminating the inter-company balances and transactions between the VIE, the subsidiaries of the VIE and other entities within the Group:


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
ASSETS

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	2,192,667	3,529,316	513,318
Restricted cash	9,370,849	16,379,364	2,382,280
Receivables from online payment Platforms	88,173	247,586	36,010
Short-term investments	40,000	1,300,000	189,077
Amounts due from related parties (i)	442,669	1,018,963	148,202
Amounts due from Group companies (ii)	—	565,101	82,191
Prepayments and other current assets	57,445	441,590	64,227
Total current assets	12,191,803	23,481,920	3,415,305

Non-current assets
Property and equipment, net	2,212	16,578	2,411
Loan to a related party	162,363	—	—
Other non-current assets	5,000	—	—
Total non-current assets	169,575	16,578	2,411
Total assets	12,361,378	23,498,498	3,417,716


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Amounts due to Group companies (iii)	561,922	1,575,534	229,152
Amounts due to related parties (i)	56,032	458,147	66,635
Customer advances	56,453	190,382	27,690
Payable to merchants	9,838,519	17,275,934	2,512,680
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	208,301	1,500,951	218,304
Merchant deposits	1,778,085	4,188,273	609,159
Total current liabilities	12,499,312	25,189,221	3,663,620
Total liabilities	12,499,312	25,189,221	3,663,620


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Net revenues from
Group companies	23,725	207,570	298,415	43,403
External	365,416	1,744,076	10,136,874	1,474,347
Net revenues	389,141	1,951,646	10,435,289	1,517,750
Net loss	(116,034)	(8,924)	(1,552,789)	(225,844)


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
	(As adjusted)	(As adjusted)
Net cash generated from operating activities (iv)	1,156,387	10,391,383	8,984,498	1,306,741
Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities	(305,473)	88,404	(1,147,101)	(166,839)
Net cash provided by financing activities	—	200,000	507,767	73,852
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (iv)	850,914	10,679,787	8,345,164	1,213,754

i)Information with respect to related parties is discussed in Note 13.

ii)Amounts due from Group companies mainly included prepayments for technical service fees amounted to RMB480,052 (US$69,821).

iii)Amounts due to Group companies consisted of inter-company payables for service fees made by other Group companies on behalf of the VIE and inter-company borrowings. The VIE had inter-company payables to Hangzhou Weimi for purchases of services and inter-company borrowings of RMB549,135 and RMB258,263 (US$37,563) as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

iv)As discussed in Note 2(g), the Group adopted ASU 2016-18 effective as of January 1, 2018 on a retrospective basis to present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents as a part of the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, the changes in restricted cash of nil and RMB9,370,849, respectively were previously reported within net cash used in operating activities in the statements of cash flows.

There are no consolidated VIE’s assets that are pledged or collateralized for the VIE’s obligations and which can only be used to settle the VIE’s obligations, except for registered capital and the PRC statutory reserves. Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the VIE from transferring a portion of its net assets, equivalent to the balance of their statutory reserves and its share capital, to the Company in the form of loans and advances or cash dividends. Please refer to Note 19 for disclosure of the restricted net assets. As the VIE is incorporated as limited liability company under the PRC Company Law, creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of the liabilities of the VIE. There were no other pledges or collateralization of the VIE’s assets.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

(b) Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE. All significant inter-company transactions and balances between the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and subsidiaries of the VIE have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s consolidated financial statements include, but not limited to economic lives and impairment of long-lived assets, valuation of short-term and long-term investments, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, uncertain tax position, valuation for share-based compensation, warrant liability and modification of the convertible preferred shares. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.

(d) Foreign currency

The functional currency of the Company and Walnut HK is the US$. The Company’s PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE determined their functional currencies to be RMB based on the criteria of ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. The Group uses the RMB as its reporting currency.

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are re-measured into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are re-measured at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currency are re-measured using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Exchange gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

The Company uses the average exchange rate for the year and the exchange rate at the balance sheet date to translate the operating results and financial position, respectively. Translation differences are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income /(loss), a component of shareholders’ (deficits)/equity.

(e) Convenience translation

Amounts in US$ are presented for the convenience of the reader and are translated at the noon buying rate of US$1.00 to RMB6.8755 on December 31, 2018, the last business day in December 2018, as published on the website of the United States Federal Reserve Board. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into US$ at such rate.

(f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use and have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

(g) Restricted cash

Restricted cash represents cash received from consumers and reserved in a bank supervised account for payments to merchants.

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, (“ASU 2016-18”), which requires entities to present the aggregate changes in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, the statement of cash flows will be required to present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents as a part of the beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents. The Group adopted ASU 2016-18 retrospectively and presented restricted cash within the ending cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for all of the years presented. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, the changes in restricted cash of nil and RMB9,370,849, respectively, were previously reported within net cash used in operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

(h) Short-term investments

All highly liquid investments with original maturities of greater than three months but less than twelve months, are classified as short-term investments. Investments that are expected to be realized in cash during the next twelve months are also included in short-term investments. The Group accounts for short-term investments in accordance with ASC Topic 320 (“ASC 320”), Investments — Debt and Equity Securities. Interest income is included in earnings. Any realized gains or losses on the sale of the short-term investments are determined on a specific identification method and such gains and losses are reflected in earnings during the periods in which gains or losses are realized.

(i) Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:


Category		Estimated useful life
Computer and office equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Over the shorter of lease terms or the estimated useful lives of the assets

Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred, whereas the costs of renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized as additions to the related assets. Retirements, sales and disposals of assets are recorded by removing the cost and accumulated depreciation from the asset and accumulated depreciation accounts with any resulting gain or loss reflected in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Direct costs that are related to the construction of property and equipment and incurred in connection with bringing the assets to their intended use are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress is transferred to specific property and equipment, and the depreciation of these assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

(j) Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill

The Group evaluates its long-lived assets, including fixed assets and intangible assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets by comparing the carrying amounts of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amounts of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amounts of the assets over their fair value. Fair value is generally determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the assets, when the market prices are not readily available.

For all periods presented, there were no impairment of any of the Group’s long-lived assets.

(k) Fair value of financial instruments

The Group’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables from payment platforms, amount due from/to related parties, an interest-bearing loan to a related party, merchant deposits, customer advances, payables to merchants, short-term investments, an other non-current asset and convertible preferred shares. Other than the interest-bearing loan to a related party, other non-current asset and convertible preferred shares, the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term maturities.

The carrying amount of the interest-bearing loan to a related party approximated its fair value since it bore interest rate which approximated market interest rate. The convertible preferred shares were initially recognized at their respective fair value. The warrant liability was recognized at fair value.

The Group applies ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (''ASC 820''). ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 requires disclosures to be provided on fair value measurement.

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

ASC 820 describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach; and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

(l) Revenue recognition

The Group through its platform primarily offers online marketplace services that enable third-party merchants to sell their products to consumers in China. Revenues from online marketplace services consist of online marketing services revenues and transaction services fees. Payments for services are generally received before deliveries.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Group adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from contracts with Customers (Topic 606), using the modified retrospective method applying to those contracts not yet completed as of January 1, 2018. There were no changes made to the Company’s revenue recognition policy as a result of the adoption of Topic 606. Under Topic 606, revenues are recognized when control of the promised services are transferred to the Group’s customers in amounts that reflect the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. The Group also evaluates whether it is appropriate to record the gross amounts of goods and services sold and the related costs, or the net amounts earned as commissions.

The Group presents value added taxes (“VAT”) as reductions of revenues.

Online marketplace services

The Group charges fees for transaction services to merchants for sales transactions completed on the Group’s online marketplace, where the Group does not take control of the products provided by the merchants at any point in the time during the transactions and does not have latitude over pricing of the merchandise. Transaction services fee is determined as a percentage based on the value of merchandise being sold by the merchants. Revenues related to transaction services are recognized in consolidated statements of comprehensive loss at the time when the Group’s service obligations to the merchants are determined to have been completed under each sales transaction upon the consumers confirming the receipts of goods. Fees charged for transaction services are not refundable if and when consumers return the merchandise to merchants.

The Group also entered into contractual agreements with certain merchants to provide online marketing services on the Group’s online marketplace for which the Group receives service fees from merchants. Online marketing services allow merchants to bid for keywords that match product listings appearing in search or browser results on the Group’s online marketplace. Merchants prepay for online marketing services that are charged on a cost-per-click basis. The Group provides the online marketing services on its own platforms without involvement of any other party. Under ASC 606, the related revenues are recognized at a point of time when consumers click the merchants’ product listings when services are completed by the Group for the merchants. The positioning of such listings and the price for such positioning are determined through an online auction system, which facilitates price discovery through a market-based mechanism.

In order to promote its online marketplace and attract more registered consumers, the Group at its own discretion offers incentives such as coupons, credits and discounts to consumers. Consumers are not customers of the Group, therefore incentives offered to consumers are not considered payments to customers. Coupons and credits redeemable for coupons can only be used in future purchases of eligible merchandise offered on the Group’s online marketplace to reduce purchase price that are not specific to any merchant. As the consumers are required to make future purchases of the merchants’ merchandise to redeem these coupons, the Group recognizes the amounts of redeemed coupons as marketing expenses when future purchases are made. Discounts provided to consumers are not specific to any merchant and the associated costs to the Company are recognized when the related transaction services revenues are recognized.

During 2018, the Group also issued to consumers at its discretion, cash redeemable credits upon their completion of certain actions unrelated to the purchases of merchant products on the Group’s online marketplace. As the credits were redeemable for cash, the Group accrued for the related costs in marketing expenses based on the cash redemption value of each credit as it is issued, assuming all credits will be redeemed. As of December 31, 2018, the amount of outstanding credits was immaterial.

Merchandise sales

When the Group conducts online merchandise sales of fresh produce and other perishable products, it is primarily obligated for the merchandise sold to the customers, subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers. Revenues from merchandise sales are recorded on the gross basis when the customers confirm the receipts of goods. Proceeds received in advance of customer acceptance are recorded as current liabilities in customer advances.

(m) Costs of revenues

Costs of online marketplace services consist primarily of payment processing fees paid to third party online payment platform, costs associated with the operation of the Group’s platform, such as bandwidths and server costs, depreciation and maintenance costs, staff costs and share-based compensation expenses, surcharges and other expenses directly attributable to the online marketplace services. Costs of merchandise sales consist of the same elements as those of online marketplace services, as well as the purchase price of merchandise, shipping and other logistics charges and write-down of inventories.

(n) Advertising expenditures

Advertising expenditures are expensed when incurred. Total amount of advertising expenditures and incentive programs recognized in sales and marketing expenses were RMB113,691, RMB1,259,610 and RMB12,867,833 (US$1,871,549) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

(o) Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other operating expenses associated with research and platform development. Research and development expenses also include rent, depreciation and other related expenses. To date, expenditures incurred between when the application has reached the development stage and when it is substantially complete and ready for its intended use have been inconsequential and, as a result, the Company did not capitalize any software development costs in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

(p) Leases

Leases are classified at the inception date as either a capital lease or an operating lease. The Group did not enter into any leases whereby it is the lessor for any of the periods presented. As the lessee, a lease is a capital lease if any of the following conditions exists: a) ownership is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term, b) there is a bargain purchase option, c) the lease term is at least 75% of the property’s estimated remaining economic life, or d) the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term is 90% or more of the fair value of the leased property to the lessor at the inception date. A capital lease is accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and an incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. The Group did not enter into any capital leases for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein rental payments are expensed on a straight-line basis over the periods of their respective lease terms. The Group leases office space under operating lease agreements. Certain lease agreements contain rent holidays and escalating rent. Rent holidays and escalating rent are considered in determining the straight-line rent expense to be recorded over the lease term. The lease term begins on the date of initial possession of the lease property for purposes of recognizing lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

(q) Income taxes

The Group follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 (“ASC 740”), Income Taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Group records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rate is recognized in tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date of the change in tax rate.

The Group accounted for uncertainties in income taxes in accordance with ASC 740. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefit recognized in accordance with ASC 740 are classified in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss as income tax expenses.

(r) Share-based compensation

The Group applies ASC 718 (“ASC 718”), Compensation—Stock Compensation, to account for its employee share-based payments. In accordance with ASC 718, the Group determines whether an award should be classified and accounted for as a liability award or an equity award. All of the Group’s share-based awards to employees were classified as equity awards. The Group measures the employee share-based compensation based on the fair value of the award at the grant date. Expense is recognized using accelerated method over the requisite service period. The fair value of share options at the time of grant is determined using the binomial-lattice option pricing model.

(s) Employee benefit expenses

As stipulated by the regulations of the PRC, full-time employees of the Group are entitled to various government statutory employee benefit plans, including medical insurance, maternity insurance, workplace injury insurance, unemployment insurance and pension benefits through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan and accrues for these benefits based on certain percentages of the qualified employees’ salaries.

(t) Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the changes in equity of the Group during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, requires that all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. For each of the periods presented, the Group’s comprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency translation difference and is presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

(u) Loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net loss is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on their participating rights. Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary and dilutive ordinary equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Ordinary equivalent shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of share options using the treasury stock method. Ordinary equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted loss per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.

Basic and diluted loss per share are not reported separately for Class A ordinary shares or Class B ordinary shares (the ''Ordinary Shares'') as each class of shares has the same rights to undistributed and distributed earnings.

(v) Segment reporting

The Group follows ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The Group’s Chief Executive Officer as the chief operating decision-maker reviews the consolidated financial results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Group as a whole and hence, the Group has only one reportable segment. The Group operates and manages its business as a single segment. As the Group’s long-lived assets are substantially all located in the PRC and substantially all the Group revenues are derived from within the PRC, no geographical segments are presented.

(w) Recent accounting pronouncements

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act ("JOBS Act") provides that an emerging growth company ("EGC") as defined therein can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an EGC to delay adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company as an EGC elected to take advantage of the extended transition period. However, the Company ceased to be an EGC on December 31, 2018 due to its rapid revenue growth in 2018.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires a lessee to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years, and early adoption is permitted. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, Leases: Land Easement Practical Expedient, (“ASU 2018-01”), which provides an optional transition practical expedient for land easements. The effective date of the transition requirements for the amendment is the same as the effective date and transition requirements in ASU 2016-02. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10 Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, (“ASU 2018-10”), which clarifies certain aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02; and ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, (“ASU 2018-11”), which provides an additional transition method and a practical expedient for separating components of a contract for lessors.

ASU 2016-02 modifies existing guidance for off balance sheet treatment of lessees’ operating leases by requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Under ASU 2016-02, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. ASU 2018-10 clarifies certain provisions and correct unintended applications of the guidance such as the application of implicit rate, lessee reassessment of lease classification, and certain transition adjustments that should be recognized to earnings rather than to stockholders’ equity. ASU 2018-11 provides an alternative transition method and practical expedient for separating contract components for the adoption of Topic 842. ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-10, and ASU 2016-02 (collectively, “the new lease standards”) are effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018. These new lease standards become effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. The Company will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method, and chose to apply the new standard as of the effective date and will not restate comparable period.

The Company will elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification, the assessment whether any expired or exiting contract is or contains a lease and initial direct costs for any leases that exist prior to adoption of the new standard. The Company will also elect the practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components for certain classes of underlying assets and the short-term lease exemption for contracts with lease terms of 12 months or less. Certain operating leases related to rental of offices will be subject to ASU 2016-02 and right-of-use assets and lease liabilities will be recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company currently believes the most significant change will be related to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet for certain in-scope operating leases. The Company does not expect any material impact on net assets and the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as a result of adopting the new standard.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13 (‘‘ASU 2018-13’’), Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, or adding certain disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2018-13 will be effective for the Company beginning after January 1, 2020 including interim periods within the year. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU No. 2018-13 and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is not early adopting the standard and it is in the process of evaluation the impact of adoption of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.

Concentration of Risks

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Concentration of Risks

Concentration of Risks

3. Concentration of Risks

(a) Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables from online payment platforms and short-term investments. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, all of the Group’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments were held at reputable financial institutions with high-credit ratings. In the event of bankruptcy of one of these financial institutions, the Group may not be able to claim its cash and demand deposits back in full. The Group continues to monitor the financial strength of the financial institutions. There has been no recent history of default in relation to these financial institutions. Receivables from online payment platforms, unsecured and denominated in RMB, derived from merchandise sales on the Group’s online marketplace to consumers, are exposed to credit risk. The risk is mitigated by credit evaluations the Group performs on the selected online payment platforms that are highly reputable and market leaders. There has been no default of payments from these online payment platforms.

(b) Business, customer, political, social and economic risks

The Group participates in a dynamic and competitive high technology industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s future financial position, results of operations or cash flows: changes in the overall demand for services; competitive pressures due to new entrants; advances and new trends in new technology; strategic relationships or customer relationships; regulatory considerations; and risks associated with the Group’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth.

(i) Business supplier risk - suppliers accounting for 10% or more of total costs were:



	For the years ended December 31,
Supplier	2017	2018
A	*	550,832
B	459,982	491,798
C	81,009	*

* Less than 10%

(ii) Customer risk—the success of the Group’s business going forward will rely in part on Group’s ability to continue to obtain and expand business from existing customers while also attracting new customers. No customer accounted for 10% or more of the Group’s revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

(iii) Economic risk—the Group’s operations could be adversely affected by significant political, economic and social uncertainties in the PRC. Although the PRC government has been pursuing economic reform policies for more than 20 years, no assurance can be given that the PRC government will continue to pursue such policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption or unforeseen circumstances affecting the PRC political, economic and social conditions. There is also no guarantee that the PRC government’s pursuit of economic reforms will be consistent or effective.

From July 21, 2005, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. The (depreciation) / appreciation of the US$ against RMB was approximately 6.8%, (5.8%) and 5.0% for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The functional currency and the reporting currency of the Company are the US$ and the RMB, respectively. Most of the Company’s revenues and costs are denominated in RMB, while a portion of cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments, are denominated in US$. Any significant revaluation of RMB may materially and adversely affect the Company’s cash flows, earnings and financial position in U.S. dollars.

(d) Currency convertibility risk

The Group transacts all of its business in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. On January 1, 1994, the PRC government abolished the dual rate system and introduced a single rate of exchange as quoted daily by the People’s Bank of China (the ''PBOC''). However, the unification of the exchange rates does not imply that the RMB may be readily convertible into US$ or other foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions continue to take place either through the PBOC or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts.

Short-term Investments	12 Months Ended
Short-term Investments	Dec. 31, 2018
Short-term Investments
Short-term Investments	4. Short-term Investments The Company’s short-term investments included cash deposits at floating rates in financial institutions with maturities of less than one year. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group recognized interest income related to its short-term investments of RMB1,522, RMB12,483 and RMB115,737 (US$16,833), respectively, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Prepayments and Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Prepayments and Other Current Assets

Prepayments and Other Current Assets

5. Prepayments and Other Current Assets

The components of prepayments and other current assets are as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Prepayments	35,104	667,113	97,028
VAT recoverable	33,364	63,005	9,164
Rental and other deposits	14,589	64,902	9,440
Loan to a third party	2,456	35,000	5,091
Staff advances	3,689	7,868	1,144
Payments made on behalf of merchants	4,914	8,234	1,198
Interest receivables	26,529	101,062	14,699
Others	7,097	6,805	988
	127,742	953,989	138,752

The prepayments primarily consist of advertising fees paid in advance.

Property and Equipment, Net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net

6. Property and Equipment, Net


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
At cost:
Computer and office equipment	7,256	27,148	3,949
Leasehold improvement	5,019	10,654	1,550
	12,275	37,802	5,499
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,996)	(8,727)	(1,270)
	9,279	29,075	4,229

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Group recorded depreciation expenses of RMB756, RMB2,265 and RMB5,934 (US$863), respectively, and were included in the following captions:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Costs of revenues	321	553	1,291	188
Sales and marketing expenses	163	546	805	117
General and administrative expenses	68	181	1,074	156
Research and development expenses	204	985	2,764	402
	756	2,265	5,934	863

Intangible Asset

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Intangible Asset

Intangible asset

7. Intangible Asset

Intangible asset consisted of the following:


		Total
		RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2018		—
Addition		2,852,370
Amortization		(491,069)
Foreign currency translation difference		218,037

Balance as of December 31, 2018		2,579,338

In February 2018, the Company entered into a strategic cooperation framework agreement (the “Agreement”) with an affiliate of Tencent Group. The Company and Tencent Group agreed to cooperate in a number of areas primarily for Tencent Group to provide the Company Weixin access point and other services and to pursue additional opportunities for future potential cooperation. The Agreement is valid for five years, from March 1, 2018 to February 28, 2023. The Company recognized the Agreement as an intangible asset at the fair value of consideration paid in the form of convertible preferred shares of RMB2,852 million. The Group recognizes the related amortization expense in costs of revenues, over the period of five years using the straight-line method. Amortization expense for intangible asset was RMB491,069 (US$71,423) for the year ended December 31, 2018. No impairment charge was recognized on the intangible asset for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The estimated annual amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows:


	Amortization
	RMB	US$
2019	618,458	89,951
2020	618,458	89,951
2021	618,458	89,951
2022	618,458	89,951
2023	110,125	16,017

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

8. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other liabilities are as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Payroll payable	61,153	389,615	56,667
Accrued expenses	192,034	1,371,483	199,474
VAT and other tax payable	104,197	436,495	63,486
Others	3,009	28,074	4,085
	360,393	2,225,667	323,712

Accrued expenses primarily consisted of accrued advertising and marketing expenses.

Ordinary Shares	12 Months Ended
Ordinary Shares	Dec. 31, 2018
Ordinary Shares
Ordinary Shares	9. Ordinary Shares On July 26, 2018, the Company completed its Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) on the National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations under the symbol of “PDD”. The Company issued an aggregate 85,600,000 ADSs, representing 342,400,000 Class A Ordinary Shares for total proceeds, net of issuance costs of US$1,690,696 (RMB11,523,631). Upon completion of the IPO, all convertible preferred shares were converted into Class A Ordinary Shares (Note 15).

Revenues

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenues

Revenues

10. Revenues


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Online marketplace services
—Online marketing services	—	1,209,275	11,515,575	1,674,871
—Transaction services	48,276	531,416	1,604,415	233,352
Merchandise sales	456,588	3,385	—	—
	504,864	1,744,076	13,119,990	1,908,223

Contract balances

The Group’s contract liabilities comprised of customer advances and portions of Payables to merchants:


	As of
	January 1, 2018	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Customer advances	56,453	191,482	27,850
Contract liability	38,935	72,939	10,609

Customer advances and contract liability relate to considerations received in advance for online marketing services and transaction services, respectively, for which control of the services occurs at a later point in time. Contract liability is included in Payable to merchants in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The significant increase in the balance of customer advances was due to the increase in advance payments from customers in line with the growth in online marketing services revenues. The significant increase in the contract liability was contributed by higher value of orders placed by consumers for which the related transaction services have not been completed. Revenues recognized from the carrying value of customer advances and contract liability as of January 1, 2018 during the year ended December 31, 2018 were RMB44,704 and RMB38,935, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

11. Share-Based Compensation

In order to provide additional incentives to employees and to promote the success of the Group’s business, the Group adopted a share incentive plan in 2015 (the ''2015 Plan''). The 2015 Plan allows the Group to grant options to employees, directors, consultants or members of the board of directors of the Group. Under the 2015 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued shall not exceed 945,103,260. The terms of the options shall not exceed ten years from the date of grant.

In July 2018, the Group adopted the 2018 Share Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan allows the Group to grant options and restricted share units (“RSUs”) to employees, directors, consultants or members of the board of directors of the Group. Under the 2018 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued pursuant to all awards initially 363,130,400, plus an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year of the company during the term of the 2018 Plan commencing with the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019, by an amount equal to the lessor of (i) 1.0% of the total number of shares issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, and (ii) such number of shares as may be determined by our board of directors.

For the share options granted under the 2015 Plan and the 2018 Plan, in addition to the explicit service periods of four years, with 25% of the options vesting annually, Class A Ordinary Shares acquired from the exercise of vested options cannot be sold or transferred by the employees without the prior written consents of the Company within the first three years of exercise (''Restricted Shares''). In the event that employment relationship is terminated with the Company, voluntarily or involuntarily, within the three-year lock-up periods, the Company may, at its sole discretion, repurchase the Restricted Shares at the employee’s exercise price. The Group determined the substance of the lock up periods to be additional implicit service periods of three years, thereby extending the vesting terms of the options to be seven years in total. Exercise prices received before the end of the lock-up periods would be recorded as liabilities which were nil and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

RSUs The RSUs granted under the 2018 Plan vest over a period of four years with 25% vesting on each anniversary from the date of grant, or with 50% of the RSUs vesting on the second anniversary and 25% on each of the third and fourth anniversary from the date of grant.

(a) Share options:

The following table summarize the Group’s option activities under the 2015 Plan and the 2018 Plan:


			Weighted		Weighted
		Weighted	average		average
		average	grant	Aggregate	remaining
	Number of	exercise	date fair	intrinsic	contractual
	share options	price	value	value	term
		US$	US$	US$	Years
Outstanding as of January 1, 2016	101,468,440	0.0065	0.0184	2,385	9.82
Granted	102,264,620	0.0065	0.0416
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016	203,733,060	0.0065	0.0301	10,390	9.25
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	203,733,060	0.0065	0.0301	10,390	9.25
Granted	78,560,000	0.0065	0.1736
Forfeited	(9,850,200)	0.0065	0.0544
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	272,442,860	0.0065	0.0706	144,258	8.57
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	272,442,860	0.0065	0.0706	144,258	8.57
Granted	359,390,000	0.0065	3.6289
Forfeited	(2,240,000)	0.0065	2.5006
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	629,592,860	0.0065	2.0931	3,527,924	8.64
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2018	629,592,860	0.0065	2.0931	3,527,924	8.64

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the awards and the fair value of the underlying Ordinary Shares at each reporting date, for those awards that had exercise price below the estimated fair value of the relevant Ordinary Shares.

The total fair value of vested options were RMB3,106, RMB13,525 and RMB45,979 (US$6,687) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense relating to unvested awards was RMB8,151,703 (US$1,185,616). The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.64 years.

The Group calculated the estimated fair value of the options on the respective grant dates using the binomial-lattice option valuation model with the following assumptions for each applicable period which took into account variables such as volatility, dividend yield, and risk-free interest rate, the probability that the options will be exercised prior to the end of its contractual life, and the probability of termination or retirement of the option holder in computing the value of the options:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
Risk-free interest rates	1.75%-2.66%	2.26% - 2.57%	2.97%-3.13%
Expected volatility	49.63%-50.39%	48.08% - 49.35%	46.23%-48.63%
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Exercise multiple	2.80	2.80	2.80
Post-vesting forfeit rate	0%	0%	0%
Fair value of underlying Ordinary Shares	$0.0308-$0.0577	$0.0858-$0.5359	$1.5146-$5.7400
Fair value of share option	$0.0273-$0.0531	$0.0808-$0.5302	$1.5091-$5.7335

(b) RSUs:

The following table summarize the Group’s RSU activities under the 2018 Plan:



		Weighted
		average
	Number	grant date
	of RSUs	fair value
		US$
Outstanding as of January 1, 2018	—	—
Granted	8,295,240	6.2519
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	8,295,240	6.2519
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2018	8,295,240	6.2519

The total fair value of the Restricted Shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2018 was nil. The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 was US$6.2519.

As of December 31, 2018, there was RMB325,060 (US$47,278) of unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to RSUs which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 3.81 years using the accelerated method. Total unrecognized share-based compensation expenses may be adjusted for future changes when actual forfeitures incurred.

The Group recognized share-based compensation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 as follows:


	For the years ended
	December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Costs of revenues	276	796	3,488	507
Sales and marketing expenses	563	1,675	405,805	59,022
General and administrative expenses i) / ii)	1,477	108,141	6,296,186	915,742
Research and development	1,748	5,893	136,094	19,794
	4,064	116,505	6,841,573	995,065

i)For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company recorded nil, RMB103,125 and nil, respectively, in share based compensation expenses in connection with the repurchase of Class B Ordinary Shares from the Founder.

ii)In April 2018, the Company issued 254,473,500 Class A Ordinary Shares to a company controlled by the Founder at the par value of US$0.000005 per share pursuant to a shareholders’ resolution. The difference between the par value and estimated fair value of Ordinary Shares on the grant date was recorded as a one-time share based compensation expense of RMB5,953,717 (US$865,932) in general and administration expenses. No such transaction took place during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income taxes

Income taxes

12. Income Taxes

Cayman Islands

Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gain arising in Cayman Islands. Additionally, upon payments of dividends by the Company to its shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

Hong Kong

Walnut HK is incorporated in Hong Kong and is subject to Hong Kong profits tax of 16.5% on its activities conducted in Hong Kong and it may be exempted from income tax on its foreign-derived income and there are no withholding taxes in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.

PRC

The Company’s subsidiaries and VIE in the PRC are subject to the statutory rate of 25%, in accordance with the Enterprise Income Tax law (the ”EIT Law”), which was effective since January 1, 2008, except for certain entities eligible for preferential tax rates.

Shanghai Xunmeng, a subsidiary of VIE, was recognized as a “high and new technology enterprise,” or HNTE in November 2018 and was eligible for 15% preferential tax rate from 2018 to 2020.

In April 2018, Xinzhijiang, a subsidiary located in Qianhai District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, was qualified for a preferential tax rate of 15% and started to apply this rate from then on. The preferential tax rate is awarded to companies that are located in Qianhai District which operate in certain encouraged industries, from 2014 to 2020.

Dividends, interests, rent or royalties payable by the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, to non-PRC resident enterprises, and proceeds from any such non-resident enterprise investor’s disposition of assets (after deducting the net value of such assets) shall be subject to 10% withholding tax, unless the respective non-PRC resident enterprise’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty or arrangements with China that provides for a reduced withholding tax rate or an exemption from withholding tax.

The Group’s loss before income taxes consisted of:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Non-PRC	(12,839)	(108,086)	(7,083,904)	(1,030,311)
PRC	(279,138)	(417,029)	(3,133,221)	(455,709)
	(291,977)	(525,115)	(10,217,125)	(1,486,020)

The current and deferred portions of income tax expense included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss were as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$

Current income tax expense	—	—	—	—
Deferred tax expense	—	—	—	—

Total income tax expense	—	—	—	—

The Group had no current or deferred income tax expenses or benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

The reconciliations of the income tax expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 were as follows:


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018		2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$
Loss before income tax expense	(291,977)		(525,115)		(10,217,125)		(1,486,020)
PRC statutory tax rate	25	%	25	%	25	%	25	%
Income tax benefits at PRC statutory tax rate	(72,994)		(131,279)		(2,554,281)		(371,505)
International tax rate differential	3,208		27,074		1,779,100		258,759
Preferential tax rate	—		—		197,828		28,773
Non-deductible expenses	7,120		6,890		36,726		5,342
Non-taxable income	(6,055)		(11,962)		(20,973)		(3,050)
Loss not recognized	—		22,747		—		—
Deferred tax items tax rate differential	—		—		(34,236)		(4,979)
Additional deduction of research and development expenses	—		—		(22,672)		(3,298)
Change in valuation allowance	68,721		86,530		618,508		89,958
Income tax expenses	—		—		—		—

The significant components of the Group’s deferred tax assets were as follows:


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Deferred tax assets
Bad debt provision	179	431	63
Impairment of a long-term investment	2,500	2,500	364
Donations	—	3,000	436
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	18,766	10,345	1,505
Advertising expenses	89,529	421,883	61,360
Tax losses	52,486	343,809	50,005
Less: valuation allowance	(163,460)	(781,968)	(113,733)
Deferred tax assets, net	—	—	—

The Group operates through several subsidiaries, the VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE. Realization of the net deferred tax assets is dependent on factors including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and adequate future taxable income, exclusive of reversing deductible temporary differences and tax loss or credit carry forwards. The Group evaluates the potential realization of deferred tax assets on an entity-by-entity basis. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, valuation allowances were provided against deferred tax assets in entities where it was determined it was more likely than not that the benefits of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

As of December 31, 2018, the Group had taxable losses of RMB1,551,301 (US$225,627) derived from entities in the PRC, which can be carried forward per tax regulation to offset future net profit for income tax purposes. The PRC taxable loss will expire from December 31, 2020 to 2024 if not utilized.

The Group plans to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of its subsidiaries, the VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE located in the PRC. As of December 31, 2018, the total amount of undistributed earnings from these entities was nil and no withholding tax has been accrued.

Unrecognized Tax Benefit

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Group had unrecognized tax benefit of RMB105,579 and RMB10,957 (US$1,594), respectively, all of which were presented on a net basis against the deferred tax assets related to tax loss carry forwards on the consolidated balance sheets. The unrecognized tax benefit was mainly related to income of the Group not timely reported. It is possible that the amount of unrecognized benefit will further change in the next 12 months; however, an estimate of the range of the possible change cannot be made at this moment. As of December 31, 2018, no unrecognized tax benefits, if ultimately recognized, will impact the effective tax rate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefit was as follows:


	For the years ended
	December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Balance at January 1	—	—	(105,579)	(15,356)
Increase	—	(105,579)	(10,957)	(1,594)
Decrease	—	—	105,579	15,356
Balance at December 31	—	(105,579)	(10,957)	(1,594)

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, no interest expense was accrued in relation to the unrecognized tax benefit. Accumulated interest expenses recorded in unrecognized tax benefit were nil and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

As of December 31, 2018, the tax years ended December 31, 2013 through period ended as of the reporting dates for the WFOE, the VIE and the subsidiaries of the VIE remain open to examination by the PRC tax authorities.

Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

13. Related Party Transactions

(a)

Related parties

Names of related parties		Relationship with the Group
Toshare Group Holding Limited		Company controlled by the Founder
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd		Company controlled by one of the directors of the Company*
Jiaxing Suda Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd		Company controlled by the Founder
Hangzhou Tuguan Technology Co., Ltd		Company controlled by the Founder
Hangzhou LeGu Investment Consulting Co., Ltd		Company controlled by the Founder
Tencent and its affiliates (“Tencent Group”)		A shareholder of the Company

*Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd was no longer a related party of the Company beginning June 2018.

(b)

Other than disclosed elsewhere, the Group had the following significant related party transactions for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively:


	For the year ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Services received from:
Hangzhou Tuguan Technology Co., Ltd	102,995	—	—	—
Tencent Group	54,286	516,014	1,266,362	184,185
Jiaxing Suda Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd	14,035	—	—	—
Toshare Group Holding Limited	7,824	—	—	—
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd	4,127	2,444	—	—

Merchandise sold through:
Suzhou Lebei Internet Technology Co., Ltd	137,399	—	—	—

(c)

The Group had the following related party balances as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018:


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Accounts due from related parties:
Current:
Tencent Group*	442,669	1,018,963	148,202
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd	221	—	—

Loan to a related party:
Non-current:
Hangzhou LeGu Investment Consulting Co., Ltd	162,363	—	—

Accounts due to related parties:
Current:
Toshare Group Holding Limited	19,009	19,966	2,904
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd	1,016	—	—
Tencent Group	56,032	458,147	66,635

* The balance represents receivables due from the online payment platform operated by Tencent Group.

All balances with the related parties as of December 31, 2018 were unsecured, interest-free and had no fixed terms of repayments.

The loan to a related party is denominated in RMB and bares an interest rate of 4.75% per annum. The amount outstanding as of December 31, 2017 was RMB 162,363. The borrower repaid the loan in April 2018.

Other Non-Current Asset	12 Months Ended
Other Non-Current Asset	Dec. 31, 2018
Other Non-Current Asset
Other Non-Current Asset	14. Other Non-Current Asset As of December 31, 2018, the Company made advances in total of approximately US$26,615 (RMB182,991 equivalent) to set up funds as a limited partner with related parties to make future investments.

Convertible Preferred Shares

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Convertible Preferred Shares

Convertible Preferred Shares

15. Convertible Preferred Shares

The following table summarizes the issuances of convertible preferred shares (collectively, “Convertible Preferred Shares”):


		Original Issuance
		Price per		Number of
Name	Issuance Date	Share*		Shares*
Series A1 Convertible Preferred Shares	June 2015	$	0.0093	71,849,380
Series A2 Convertible Preferred Shares	June 2015	$	0.0336	238,419,800
Series B1 Convertible Preferred Shares	November 2015	$	0.1576	211,588,720
Series B2 Convertible Preferred Shares	January 2016	$	0.1576	27,781,280
Series B3 Convertible Preferred Shares	March 2016	$	0.1576	145,978,540
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares	June 2016	$	0.1710	292,414,780
Series C1 Convertible Preferred Shares	February 2017	$	0.3545	56,430,180
Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares	February 2017	$	0.3985	238,260,780
Series C3 Convertible Preferred Shares	June 2017	$	0.4139	241,604,260
Series D Convertible Preferred Shares	March 2018**	$	2.4832	551,174,340

*In connection with the issuance of Series D convertible preferred shares, the Company effected a change of authorized share capital (Note 17), the Company’s then issued and outstanding Convertible Preferred Shares were split on a 1-to-20 basis. The number of shares and per-share price in the consolidated financial statements were recasted on a retroactive basis to reflect the effect of these changes.

**Series D Convertible Preferred Shares were issued and converted in 2018. Therefore, the balance was nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018.

The significant terms of the Convertible Preferred Shares are summarized as follows:

Conversion

Convertible Preferred Shares can be converted into Class A Ordinary Shares at the option of the holder at any time by dividing the applicable original purchase price by the applicable conversion price which is initially equal to the original purchase price and as such, the initial conversion ratio for each Convertible Preferred Share into each Ordinary Share shall be one-for-one.

Convertible Preferred Shares shall automatically be converted into Class A Ordinary Shares at the then-effective conversion rate applicable to the relevant series of Convertible Preferred Shares upon the closing of an underwritten public offering of the Ordinary Shares of the Company in the United States.

The conversion price is subject to additional adjustments if the Company makes certain dilutive issuances of shares.

Dividends

The holders of outstanding shares of the Company shall be entitled to receive dividends, out of any assets legally available therefor, payable in US$ and annually when, as and if declared by the Board. Such distributions shall not be cumulative. Holders of the Convertible Preferred Shares shall also be entitled to receive any non-cash dividends declared by the Board on an as-converted basis. The dividends or distributions shall be distributed among all holders of Ordinary Shares and Convertible Preferred Shares in proportion to the number of Ordinary Shares that would be held by each such holder if all Convertible Preferred Shares had been converted to Ordinary Shares as of the record date fixed for determining those entitled to receive such distribution.

Liquidation preference

In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, distributions to the shareholders of the Group shall be made as stated below:

For the holders of the each series of Convertible Preferred Shares, (i) 100% of its issue price, plus (ii) an amount accruing there on at a compound annual rate of 8% of the 100% issue price beginning on its closing date, plus (iii) all declared but unpaid dividends thereon (Collectively, the ‘‘Preference Amount’’).

If the Company has insufficient assets to permit payment of the Series D Preferred Share Preference Amount in full to all holders of the then issued and outstanding Series D Preferred Shares, then the assets of the Company shall be distributed ratably to the holders of the then issued and outstanding Series D Preferred Shares in proportion to the full Series D Preferred Share Preference Amount that each such holder of the then issued and outstanding Series D Preferred Shares would otherwise be entitled to receive hereunder.

After the full Series D Preferred Share Preference Amount has been paid, any remaining funds or assets of the Company legally available for distribution to shareholders shall then be distributed to holders of Series C-3 Preferred Shares and Series C-2 Preferred Shares according to the sum of the Series C-3 Preferred Share Preference Amount and Series C-2 Preferred Share Preference Amount. If the Company has insufficient assets to permit payment of the Series C3 Preference Amount and the Series C2 Preference Amount in full to all holders of the then issued and outstanding holders of Series C3 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares, then the assets of the Company shall be distributed ratably to the holders of the then issued and outstanding Series C3 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series C2 in proportion to the full Series C3 Preference Amount and Series C2 Preference Amount that each such holder of the then issued and outstanding Series C3 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares would otherwise be entitled to receive hereunder.

After the full Series C3 Preference Amount and the full Series C2 Preference Amount has been paid, any remaining funds or assets of the Company legally available for distribution to shareholders shall then be distributed to holders of Series C1 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series B Convertible Preferred Shares (including Series B1 to B4 Convertible Preferred Shares) according to the sum of the Series C1 Preference Amount and Series B Preference Amount. If the Company has insufficient assets to permit payment of the Series C1 Preference Amount and Series B Preference Amount in full to all holders of the then issued and outstanding holders of Series C1 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series B Convertible Preferred Shares, then the assets of the Company shall be distributed ratably to the holders of the then issued and outstanding Series C1 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series B Convertible Preferred Shares in proportion to the full Series C1 Convertible Preferred Share Preference Amount and Series B Convertible Preferred Share Preference Amount that each such holder of the then issued and outstanding Series C1 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series B Convertible Preferred Shares would otherwise be entitled to receive hereunder.

After the full Series C1 Preference Amount and the full Series B Preference Amount has been paid, any remaining funds or assets of the Company legally available for distribution to shareholders shall then be distributed to holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Shares (including Series A-1 and A2 Convertible Preferred Shares) according to the Series A Preference Amount. If the Company has insufficient assets to permit payment of the Series A Preference Amount in full to all holders of the then issued and outstanding holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Shares, then the assets of the Company shall be distributed ratably to the holders of the then issued and outstanding Series A Convertible Preferred Shares in proportion to the full Series A Preference Amount that each such holder of the then issued and outstanding Series A Convertible Preferred Shares would otherwise be entitled to receive hereunder.

After the full Preference Amount on all outstanding Convertible Preferred Shares have been paid, any remaining funds or assets of the Company legally available for distribution to shareholders shall be distributed on a pro rata, pari passu basis among the holders of the Convertible Preferred Shares (calculated on an as-converted and fully-diluted basis), together with the holders of the Ordinary Shares.

Deemed liquidation

Any sale of shares, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction involving the Company in which its shareholders do not retain a majority of the voting power in the surviving or resulting entity, or a sale of all or substantially all the Company’s assets (the ‘‘Liquidation Event’’, for avoidance of doubt, each transaction under the acquisitions also referred herein as a Liquidation Event), shall be deemed a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, such that the liquidation preference shall apply as if all consideration received by the Company and its shareholders in connection with such event were being distributed in a liquidation of the Company (‘‘Deemed Liquidation’’).

The Convertible Preferred Shares are not redeemable except in the event of Deemed Liquidation, which permits the holders to receive the Preference Amount as defined above.

Voting

Each Convertible Preferred Share shall carry a number of votes equal to the number of Class A Ordinary Shares then issuable upon its conversion into Class A Ordinary Shares at the record date for determination of the shareholders entitled to vote on such matters, or, if no such record date is established, at the date such vote is taken or any written consent of shareholders is solicited.

Accounting for Convertible Preferred Shares

In February 2016, all shareholders of the Company approved the declaration and payment of a special cash dividend in the amount of RMB18,326 to a shareholder of the Series B2 Convertible Preferred Shares. The dividend was recorded in accumulated deficits.

In connection with the issuances of Series B1 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares, liquidation preferences of certain Convertible Preferred Shares were modified and deemed distribution of RMB12,104, nil and nil were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Concurrently with the issuance of Series C1 Convertible Preferred Shares in February 2017, the Company repurchased from a company controlled by the Founder and cancelled 56,430,180 of Class B Ordinary Shares for cash consideration of RMB137,580. The difference between the then fair value of the Class B Ordinary Shares of RMB32,677 and par value was recorded in accumulated deficits. The excess of consideration over the then fair value of the Ordinary Shares of RMB103,125 was accounted for as compensation expense within general and administrative expenses (Note 11). The excess of the issuance price paid by the investor over the then fair value of the Series C1 Convertible Preferred Shares of RMB26,413 was accounted for as a contribution from shareholder.

In March 2018, the Company issued 551,174,340 Series D convertible preferred shares to existing shareholders and their affiliates including Tencent Group for a cash consideration of US$918,670 and an intangible asset at fair value (Note 7).

In connection with the issuances of Series D convertible preferred shares, the liquidation preferences of Convertible Preferred Shares were amended. The amendment to the liquidation preference of the Convertible Preferred Shares was accounted for as modification as the fair value of Convertible Preferred Share immediately after the amendment was not significantly different from its fair value immediately before the amendment. The Company accounted for the modification that resulted in an increase to the fair value of the modified Convertible Preferred Shares of RMB 80,496 (US$11,708) as deemed dividends during the year ended December 31, 2018.

The Series A convertible preferred shares, the Series B convertible preferred shares, the Series C convertible preferred shares and the Series D convertible preferred shares (collectively the “Convertible Preferred Shares”) were classified as mezzanine equity as they were contingently redeemable upon the occurrence of a Deemed Liquidation event. The initial carrying amounts of the Convertible Preferred Shares were the fair value at the time of closing, less issuance costs. The Company did not accrete the Convertible Preferred Shares to liquidation value as a Deemed Liquidation event was not considered probable as of the end of each period presented. The Company determined conversion options embedded in the Convertible Preferred Shares did not require bifurcation because the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares were not publicly traded nor readily convertible into cash. There were no other embedded derivatives that required bifurcation. The Company also determined that there were no beneficial conversion features to be recorded.

Upon completion of the IPO, all Convertible Preferred Shares were converted to 1,971,811,320 Class A Ordinary Shares and 103,690,740 Class B Ordinary Shares.

Convertible Preferred Shares warrant liability

In connection with the issuance Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares in June 2016, the Company granted a warrant (the ‘‘Warrant’’) to one of the investors of Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares that gave the holder an option to participate in the Company’s next round of equity financing. The purchase price to be paid by the Warrant holder shall be reduced by US$300 for every investment amount of US$1,000, with the aggregate discount value not to exceed US$2,400. In January 2017, the holder exercised the Warrant by subscribing to a number of Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares which resulted in the discount of US$1,307. The Warrant was accounted for as a liability recognized at its fair value with changes in fair value recognized in non-operating income (loss).

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

16. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables set forth the financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016
	Quoted Price in	Significant
	Active Market for	Other	Unobservable
	Identical Assets	Observable	inputs
	(Level 1)	Inputs (Level 2)	(Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB
Recurring
Warrant liability	—	—	9,064

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Group did not have any assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis.


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017
	Quoted Price in	Significant
	Active Market for	Other	UnobservableI
	Identical Assets	Observable	Inputs
	(Level 1)	Inputs (Level 2)	(Level 3)	Total Losses
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Non-recurring
Long-term investment included in other non-current assets	—	—	5,000	10,000

During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2018 no impairment charge was recorded. The following table presents the changes in our Level 3 instrument measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


		Warrant
		liability
		RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2016		—
Change in fair value		8,668
Foreign exchange effect		396
Balance as of December 31, 2016		9,064
Transfer to mezzanine equity		(8,982)
Foreign exchange effect		(82)
Fair value at December 31, 2017		—

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Share Capital	12 Months Ended
Share Capital	Dec. 31, 2018
Share Capital
Share Capital	17. Share Capital Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares are entitled to the same rights except for voting rights. In respect of matters requiring a shareholder’s vote, each Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote and each Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to ten votes. In connection with the issuance of Series D convertible preferred shares as disclosed in Note 15, the Company effected a change of authorized share capital by repurchasing all of the then issued and outstanding ordinary shares at par value and reissued 42,486,360 Class A Ordinary Shares and 1,716,283,460 Class B Ordinary Shares to its existing holders of ordinary shares. The number of shares and per-share price in the consolidated financial statements were recasted on a retroactive basis to reflect the effect of these changes.

Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Loss Per Share

Loss Per Share

18. Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the following periods:


	For the year ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Numerator:
Net loss	(291,977)	(525,115)	(10,217,125)	(1,486,020)
Deemed distribution to certain holders of Convertible Preferred Shares	(30,430)	—	(80,496)	(11,708)
Contribution from certain holder of Convertible Preferred Shares	—	26,413	—	—
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(322,407)	(498,702)	(10,297,621)	(1,497,728)

Denominator: (in thousands of shares)
Weighted-average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding – basic and diluted	1,815,200	1,764,799	2,968,320	2,968,320

Loss per share – basic and diluted	(0.18)	(0.28)	(3.47)	(0.50)

Restricted Net Assets	12 Months Ended
Restricted Net Assets	Dec. 31, 2018
Restricted Net Assets
Restricted Net Assets	19. Restricted Net Assets The Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE. In accordance with the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment and the articles of association of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, a foreign-invested enterprise established in the PRC is required to provide certain statutory reserves, namely general reserve fund, the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund which are appropriated from net profit as reported in the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. A foreign-invested enterprise is required to allocate at least 10% of its annual after-tax profit to the general reserve fund until such reserve has reached 50% of its respective registered capital based on the enterprise’s PRC statutory accounts. Appropriations to the enterprise expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus fund are at the discretion of the board of directors for all foreign-invested enterprises. The aforementioned reserves can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. The WFOE was established as a foreign-invested enterprise and, therefore, is subject to the above mandated restrictions on distributable profits. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, WFOE did not have after-tax profit and therefore no statutory reserves have been allocated. Foreign exchange and other regulations in the PRC may further restrict the Company’s VIE from transferring funds to the Company in the form of dividends, loans and advances. Amounts restricted include paid-in capital and statutory reserves of the Company’s PRC Subsidiaries and the equity of the VIE, as determined pursuant to PRC generally accepted accounting principles. As of December 31, 2018, restricted net assets of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE were RMB1,262,472 (US$183,619).

Mainland China Employee Contribution Plan	12 Months Ended
Mainland China Employee Contribution Plan	Dec. 31, 2018
Mainland China Employee Contribution Plan
Mainland China Employee Contribution Plan	20. Mainland China Employee Contribution Plan As stipulated by the regulations of the PRC, full-time employees of the Group are entitled to various government statutory employee benefit plans, including medical insurance, maternity insurance, workplace injury insurance, unemployment insurance and pension benefits through a PRC government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to make contributions to the plan based on certain percentages of employees’ salaries. The total expenses the Group incurred for the plan were RMB11,791, RMB30,795 and RMB133,699 (US$19,446) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

21. Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Operating lease commitments

The Company leases offices for operation under operating leases. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases with initial terms in excess of one year consisted of the following as of December 31, 2018:


	RMB	US$
2019	100,708	14,647
2020	82,306	11,971
2021	74,687	10,863
2022	53,053	7,716
2023 and thereafter	4,664	678
Total	315,418	45,875

(b) Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Group is from time to time involved in legal proceedings and litigations relating to disputes relating to trademarks and other intellectual property, among others. As of December 31, 2018, there is a complaint filed against the Company alleging contributory trademark infringement and unfair competition based on certain allegedly counterfeit and unauthorized merchandise sold by merchants to U.S. consumers on the Group’s platform, as well as several shareholder class action lawsuits filed against the Company in connection with its initial public offering. As these cases remain in their preliminary stages, the Group cannot reliably estimate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or any estimate of the amounts or range of any potential loss. Otherwise, there are no legal proceedings and litigations that have in the recent past had, or to the Group’s knowledge, are reasonably possible to have, a material impact on the Group’s financial positions, results of operations or cash flows. The Company did not accrue any loss contingencies as of December 31, 2018 as the Group did not consider an unfavorable outcome in any material respects in these legal proceedings and litigations to be probable.

As disclosed in Note 12, the Group had unrecognized tax benefits. The final outcome of the tax uncertainty is dependent upon various matters including tax examinations, interpretation of tax laws or expiration of statutes of limitation. However, due to the uncertainties associated with the status of examinations, including the protocols of finalizing audits by the relevant tax authorities, there is a high degree of uncertainty regarding the future cash outflows associated with these tax uncertainties.

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2018
Subsequent Events
Subsequent Events	22. Subsequent Events In February 2019, the Company completed a follow-on public offering and issued an aggregate 48,435,000 ADSs, representing 193,740,000 Class A Ordinary Shares for total proceeds net of issuance costs of US$1,180,080 (RMB8,113,640).

Condensed Financial Information of the Company

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Condensed Financial Information of the Company

Condensed Financial Information of the Company

23. Condensed Financial Information of the Company

The following is the condensed financial information of the Company on a parent company only basis.


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
ASSETS

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	663,645	5,541,746	806,014
Short-term investments	—	6,260,689	910,579
Prepayments and other current assets	5,579	18,789	2,733
Total current assets	669,224	11,821,224	1,719,326
Non-current assets
Intangible asset	—	2,579,338	375,149
Investments in subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	549,134	4,440,777	645,882
Total non-current assets	549,134	7,020,115	1,021,031
Total assets	1,218,358	18,841,339	2,740,357

LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS' (DEFICITS)/EQUITY

Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	13,395	18,745	2,726
Total current liabilities	13,395	18,745	2,726
Total liabilities	13,395	18,745	2,726

LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICITS)/EQUITY

Mezzanine equity
Series A1 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 71,849,380 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	4,224	—	—
Series A2 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 238,419,800 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	48,815	—	—
Series B1 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 211,588,720 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	219,448	—	—
Series B2 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 27,781,280 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	29,451	—	—
Series B3 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 145,978,540 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	153,009	—	—
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 292,414,780 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	327,786	—	—
Series C1 convertible preferred shares, net of subscription receivable of RMB13,758 and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively (US$0.000005 par value; 56,430,180 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	96,052	—	—
Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 238,260,780 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	638,863	—	—
Series C3 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 241,604,260 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	679,273	—	—
Total mezzanine equity	2,196,921	—	—

Shareholders’ (deficits)/equity
Class A Ordinary Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 6,208,214,480 shares authorized, 42,486,360 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017; 77,300,000,000 shares authorized, 2,381,240,988 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018, respectively)	1	78	11
Class B Ordinary Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 1,716,283,460 authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017; 2,200,000,000 authorized, 2,074,447,700 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018, respectively)	53	64	9
Additional paid-in capital	61,326	29,114,527	4,234,532
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income	(23,101)	1,035,783	150,648
Accumulated deficits	(1,030,237)	(11,327,858)	(1,647,569)
Total shareholders’ (deficits)/equity	(991,958)	18,822,594	2,737,631
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity, and shareholders’ (deficits)/equity	1,218,358	18,841,339	2,740,357


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Costs of revenues
Costs of online marketplace services	—	—	(491,069)	(71,423)
Total costs of revenues	—	—	(491,069)	(71,423)
Sales and marketing expenses	—	—	(4,106)	(597)
General and administrative expenses	(138)	(165)	(4,101)	(596)
Total operating expenses	(138)	(165)	(8,207)	(1,193)
Operating loss	(138)	(165)	(499,276)	(72,616)
Interest income	41	8,264	207,597	30,194
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	—	—	113	16
Share of losses from subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	(283,212)	(533,214)	(9,925,559)	(1,443,614)
Changes in the fair value of warrant liability	(8,668)	—	—	—
Loss before income tax	(291,977)	(525,115)	(10,217,125)	(1,486,020)
Income tax expenses	—	—
Net loss	(291,977)	(525,115)	(10,217,125)	(1,486,020)

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Foreign currency translation difference, net of tax of nil	20,001	(47,681)	1,058,884	154,008
Comprehensive loss	(271,976)	(572,796)	(9,158,241)	(1,332,012)


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Net cash generated from operating activities	(96)	2,753	110,724	16,104
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash given to purchase of short term investment	—	—	(6,146,370)	(893,952)
Cash given to subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	(338,016)	(1,058,908)	(6,749,831)	(981,722)
Net cash used in investing activities	(338,016)	(1,058,908)	(12,896,201)	(1,875,674)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Deemed distribution	(18,326)	—	—	—
Proceeds from initial public offering	—	—	11,879,944	1,727,866
Initial public offering costs	—	—	(356,313)	(51,823)
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Preferred Shares	511,911	1,446,906	5,824,568	847,148
Issuance costs	(7,047)	(15,369)	(3,842)	(559)
Repurchase of Class B Ordinary Shares	—	(32,677)	—	—
Net cash generated from financing activities	486,538	1,398,860	17,344,357	2,522,632
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	21,568	(47,820)	319,221	46,429
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	169,994	294,885	4,878,101	709,491
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	198,766	368,760	663,645	96,523
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year	368,760	663,645	5,541,746	806,014

Basis of presentation

Condensed financial information is used for the presentation of the Company, or the parent company. The condensed financial information of the parent company has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the Company’s consolidated financial statements except that the parent company used the equity method to account for investment in its subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE.

The parent company records its investment in its subsidiary, the VIE and its subsidiary under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Such investments are presented on the condensed balance sheets as ''Investments in subsidiaries, the VIE and a subsidiary of the VIE'' or ''Loss in excess of investments in subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE'' and their respective profit or loss as ''Share of profit in subsidiaries, the VIE and a subsidiary of the VIE'' on the condensed statements of comprehensive loss. Equity method accounting ceases when the carrying amount of the investment, including any additional financial support, in a subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE is reduced to zero unless the parent company has guaranteed obligations of the subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE or is otherwise committed to provide further financial support. If the subsidiary, the VIE subsidiary of the VIE subsequently reports net income, the parent company shall resume applying the equity method only after its share of that net income equals the share of net losses not recognized during the period the equity method was suspended.

The parent company’s condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

(a) Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

Principles of consolidation

(b) Principles of consolidation

Use of estimates

Foreign currency

(d) Foreign currency

Convenience translation

(e) Convenience translation

Cash and cash equivalents

(f) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use and have original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Restricted cash

(g) Restricted cash

Restricted cash represents cash received from consumers and reserved in a bank supervised account for payments to merchants.

Short-term investments

(h) Short-term investments

Property and equipment

(i) Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:


Category		Estimated useful life
Computer and office equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Over the shorter of lease terms or the estimated useful lives of the assets

Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill

(j) Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill

For all periods presented, there were no impairment of any of the Group’s long-lived assets.

Fair value of financial instruments

(k) Fair value of financial instruments

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

Revenue recognition

(l) Revenue recognition

The Group presents value added taxes (“VAT”) as reductions of revenues.

Online marketplace services

Merchandise sales

Costs of revenues

(m) Costs of revenues

Advertising expenditures

(n) Advertising expenditures

Research and development expenses

(o) Research and development expenses

Leases

(p) Leases

Income taxes

(q) Income taxes

Share-based compensation

(r) Share-based compensation

Employee benefit expenses

(s) Employee benefit expenses

Comprehensive loss

(t) Comprehensive loss

Loss per share

(u) Loss per share

Segment reporting

(v) Segment reporting

Recent accounting pronouncements

(w) Recent accounting pronouncements

Organization (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization

Schedule of company's major subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and the subsidiary of the VIE


			Percentage of
	Date of	Place of	ownership by the				Principal
Entity	incorporation	incorporation	Company				activities
			Direct		Indirect
Subsidiaries:
HongKong Walnut Street Limited ("Walnut HK")	April 28, 2015	Hong Kong	100	%	—		Holding company
Hangzhou Weimi Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Hangzhou Weimi" or the "WFOE")	May 28, 2015	PRC	100	%	—		Technology research and development
Shenzhen Qianhai Xinzhijiang Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xinzhijiang”)	April 25, 2018	PRC	100	%	—		E-commerce platform

VIE:
Hangzhou Aimi Network Technology Co., Ltd. ("Hangzhou Aimi" or the "VIE")	April 14, 2015	PRC	—		100	%	E-commerce platform

VIE’s subsidiary:
Shanghai Xunmeng Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("Shanghai Xunmeng")	January 9, 2014	PRC	—		100	%	E-commerce platform

Schedule of financial information for the VIE before eliminating the inter-company balances and transactions between the VIE, the subsidiaries of the VIE and other entities within the Group


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
ASSETS

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	2,192,667	3,529,316	513,318
Restricted cash	9,370,849	16,379,364	2,382,280
Receivables from online payment Platforms	88,173	247,586	36,010
Short-term investments	40,000	1,300,000	189,077
Amounts due from related parties (i)	442,669	1,018,963	148,202
Amounts due from Group companies (ii)	—	565,101	82,191
Prepayments and other current assets	57,445	441,590	64,227
Total current assets	12,191,803	23,481,920	3,415,305

Non-current assets
Property and equipment, net	2,212	16,578	2,411
Loan to a related party	162,363	—	—
Other non-current assets	5,000	—	—
Total non-current assets	169,575	16,578	2,411
Total assets	12,361,378	23,498,498	3,417,716


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Amounts due to Group companies (iii)	561,922	1,575,534	229,152
Amounts due to related parties (i)	56,032	458,147	66,635
Customer advances	56,453	190,382	27,690
Payable to merchants	9,838,519	17,275,934	2,512,680
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	208,301	1,500,951	218,304
Merchant deposits	1,778,085	4,188,273	609,159
Total current liabilities	12,499,312	25,189,221	3,663,620
Total liabilities	12,499,312	25,189,221	3,663,620


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Net revenues from
Group companies	23,725	207,570	298,415	43,403
External	365,416	1,744,076	10,136,874	1,474,347
Net revenues	389,141	1,951,646	10,435,289	1,517,750
Net loss	(116,034)	(8,924)	(1,552,789)	(225,844)


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
	(As adjusted)	(As adjusted)
Net cash generated from operating activities (iv)	1,156,387	10,391,383	8,984,498	1,306,741
Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities	(305,473)	88,404	(1,147,101)	(166,839)
Net cash provided by financing activities	—	200,000	507,767	73,852
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (iv)	850,914	10,679,787	8,345,164	1,213,754

i)Information with respect to related parties is discussed in Note 13.

ii)Amounts due from Group companies mainly included prepayments for technical service fees amounted to RMB480,052 (US$69,821).

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of estimated useful lives of the assets


Category		Estimated useful life
Computer and office equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Over the shorter of lease terms or the estimated useful lives of the assets

Concentration of Risks (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Concentration of Risks

Schedule of business supplier risk



	For the years ended December 31,
Supplier	2017	2018
A	*	550,832
B	459,982	491,798
C	81,009	*

* Less than 10%

Prepayments and Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Prepayments and Other Current Assets

Schedule of components of prepayments and other current assets


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Prepayments	35,104	667,113	97,028
VAT recoverable	33,364	63,005	9,164
Rental and other deposits	14,589	64,902	9,440
Loan to a third party	2,456	35,000	5,091
Staff advances	3,689	7,868	1,144
Payments made on behalf of merchants	4,914	8,234	1,198
Interest receivables	26,529	101,062	14,699
Others	7,097	6,805	988
	127,742	953,989	138,752

Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property and Equipment, Net

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
At cost:
Computer and office equipment	7,256	27,148	3,949
Leasehold improvement	5,019	10,654	1,550
	12,275	37,802	5,499
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,996)	(8,727)	(1,270)
	9,279	29,075	4,229

Schedule of depreciation expenses allocated to captions in income statement


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Costs of revenues	321	553	1,291	188
Sales and marketing expenses	163	546	805	117
General and administrative expenses	68	181	1,074	156
Research and development expenses	204	985	2,764	402
	756	2,265	5,934	863

Intangible Asset (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Intangible Asset

Schedule of intangible asset


		Total
		RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2018		—
Addition		2,852,370
Amortization		(491,069)
Foreign currency translation difference		218,037

Balance as of December 31, 2018		2,579,338

Schedule of estimated annual amortization expense


	Amortization
	RMB	US$
2019	618,458	89,951
2020	618,458	89,951
2021	618,458	89,951
2022	618,458	89,951
2023	110,125	16,017

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Payroll payable	61,153	389,615	56,667
Accrued expenses	192,034	1,371,483	199,474
VAT and other tax payable	104,197	436,495	63,486
Others	3,009	28,074	4,085
	360,393	2,225,667	323,712

Revenues (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Revenues

Schedule of revenues


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Online marketplace services
—Online marketing services	—	1,209,275	11,515,575	1,674,871
—Transaction services	48,276	531,416	1,604,415	233,352
Merchandise sales	456,588	3,385	—	—
	504,864	1,744,076	13,119,990	1,908,223

Schedule of information about contract liabilities, comprising customer advances and portions of Payables to merchants


	As of
	January 1, 2018	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Customer advances	56,453	191,482	27,850
Contract liability	38,935	72,939	10,609

Share-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Share-Based Compensation

Schedule of assumptions used to estimate the fair value of options


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
Risk-free interest rates	1.75%-2.66%	2.26% - 2.57%	2.97%-3.13%
Expected volatility	49.63%-50.39%	48.08% - 49.35%	46.23%-48.63%
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Exercise multiple	2.80	2.80	2.80
Post-vesting forfeit rate	0%	0%	0%
Fair value of underlying Ordinary Shares	$0.0308-$0.0577	$0.0858-$0.5359	$1.5146-$5.7400
Fair value of share option	$0.0273-$0.0531	$0.0808-$0.5302	$1.5091-$5.7335

Schedule of recognized share-based compensation expenses


	For the years ended
	December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Costs of revenues	276	796	3,488	507
Sales and marketing expenses	563	1,675	405,805	59,022
General and administrative expenses i) / ii)	1,477	108,141	6,296,186	915,742
Research and development	1,748	5,893	136,094	19,794
	4,064	116,505	6,841,573	995,065

RSU

Share-Based Compensation

Summary of Group's share-based compensation activities



		Weighted
		average
	Number	grant date
	of RSUs	fair value
		US$
Outstanding as of January 1, 2018	—	—
Granted	8,295,240	6.2519
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	8,295,240	6.2519
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2018	8,295,240	6.2519

Stock option

Share-Based Compensation

Summary of Group's share-based compensation activities


			Weighted		Weighted
		Weighted	average		average
		average	grant	Aggregate	remaining
	Number of	exercise	date fair	intrinsic	contractual
	share options	price	value	value	term
		US$	US$	US$	Years
Outstanding as of January 1, 2016	101,468,440	0.0065	0.0184	2,385	9.82
Granted	102,264,620	0.0065	0.0416
Outstanding as of December 31, 2016	203,733,060	0.0065	0.0301	10,390	9.25
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	203,733,060	0.0065	0.0301	10,390	9.25
Granted	78,560,000	0.0065	0.1736
Forfeited	(9,850,200)	0.0065	0.0544
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	272,442,860	0.0065	0.0706	144,258	8.57
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	272,442,860	0.0065	0.0706	144,258	8.57
Granted	359,390,000	0.0065	3.6289
Forfeited	(2,240,000)	0.0065	2.5006
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018	629,592,860	0.0065	2.0931	3,527,924	8.64
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2018	629,592,860	0.0065	2.0931	3,527,924	8.64

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income taxes

Schedule of Group's loss before income taxes


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Non-PRC	(12,839)	(108,086)	(7,083,904)	(1,030,311)
PRC	(279,138)	(417,029)	(3,133,221)	(455,709)
	(291,977)	(525,115)	(10,217,125)	(1,486,020)

Schedule Of current and deferred portions of income tax expense


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$

Current income tax expense	—	—	—	—
Deferred tax expense	—	—	—	—

Total income tax expense	—	—	—	—

Schedule of reconciliations of the income tax expenses


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018		2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		US$
Loss before income tax expense	(291,977)		(525,115)		(10,217,125)		(1,486,020)
PRC statutory tax rate	25	%	25	%	25	%	25	%
Income tax benefits at PRC statutory tax rate	(72,994)		(131,279)		(2,554,281)		(371,505)
International tax rate differential	3,208		27,074		1,779,100		258,759
Preferential tax rate	—		—		197,828		28,773
Non-deductible expenses	7,120		6,890		36,726		5,342
Non-taxable income	(6,055)		(11,962)		(20,973)		(3,050)
Loss not recognized	—		22,747		—		—
Deferred tax items tax rate differential	—		—		(34,236)		(4,979)
Additional deduction of research and development expenses	—		—		(22,672)		(3,298)
Change in valuation allowance	68,721		86,530		618,508		89,958
Income tax expenses	—		—		—		—

Schedule of significant components of the Group's deferred tax assets


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Deferred tax assets
Bad debt provision	179	431	63
Impairment of a long-term investment	2,500	2,500	364
Donations	—	3,000	436
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	18,766	10,345	1,505
Advertising expenses	89,529	421,883	61,360
Tax losses	52,486	343,809	50,005
Less: valuation allowance	(163,460)	(781,968)	(113,733)
Deferred tax assets, net	—	—	—

Schedule of reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefit


	For the years ended
	December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Balance at January 1	—	—	(105,579)	(15,356)
Increase	—	(105,579)	(10,957)	(1,594)
Decrease	—	—	105,579	15,356
Balance at December 31	—	(105,579)	(10,957)	(1,594)

Related Party Transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Related Party Transactions

Schedule of relationship with related parties

Names of related parties		Relationship with the Group
Toshare Group Holding Limited		Company controlled by the Founder
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd		Company controlled by one of the directors of the Company*
Jiaxing Suda Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd		Company controlled by the Founder
Hangzhou Tuguan Technology Co., Ltd		Company controlled by the Founder
Hangzhou LeGu Investment Consulting Co., Ltd		Company controlled by the Founder
Tencent and its affiliates (“Tencent Group”)		A shareholder of the Company

*Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd was no longer a related party of the Company beginning June 2018.

Schedule of significant related party transactions


	For the year ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Services received from:
Hangzhou Tuguan Technology Co., Ltd	102,995	—	—	—
Tencent Group	54,286	516,014	1,266,362	184,185
Jiaxing Suda Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd	14,035	—	—	—
Toshare Group Holding Limited	7,824	—	—	—
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd	4,127	2,444	—	—

Merchandise sold through:
Suzhou Lebei Internet Technology Co., Ltd	137,399	—	—	—

Schedule of related party balances


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
Accounts due from related parties:
Current:
Tencent Group*	442,669	1,018,963	148,202
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd	221	—	—

Loan to a related party:
Non-current:
Hangzhou LeGu Investment Consulting Co., Ltd	162,363	—	—

Accounts due to related parties:
Current:
Toshare Group Holding Limited	19,009	19,966	2,904
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd	1,016	—	—
Tencent Group	56,032	458,147	66,635

* The balance represents receivables due from the online payment platform operated by Tencent Group.

Convertible Preferred Shares (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Convertible Preferred Shares

Summary of the issuances of convertible preferred shares


		Original Issuance
		Price per		Number of
Name	Issuance Date	Share*		Shares*
Series A1 Convertible Preferred Shares	June 2015	$	0.0093	71,849,380
Series A2 Convertible Preferred Shares	June 2015	$	0.0336	238,419,800
Series B1 Convertible Preferred Shares	November 2015	$	0.1576	211,588,720
Series B2 Convertible Preferred Shares	January 2016	$	0.1576	27,781,280
Series B3 Convertible Preferred Shares	March 2016	$	0.1576	145,978,540
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares	June 2016	$	0.1710	292,414,780
Series C1 Convertible Preferred Shares	February 2017	$	0.3545	56,430,180
Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares	February 2017	$	0.3985	238,260,780
Series C3 Convertible Preferred Shares	June 2017	$	0.4139	241,604,260
Series D Convertible Preferred Shares	March 2018**	$	2.4832	551,174,340

**Series D Convertible Preferred Shares were issued and converted in 2018. Therefore, the balance was nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018.

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Measurements

Schedule of financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016
	Quoted Price in	Significant
	Active Market for	Other	Unobservable
	Identical Assets	Observable	inputs
	(Level 1)	Inputs (Level 2)	(Level 3)
	RMB	RMB	RMB
Recurring
Warrant liability	—	—	9,064


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017
	Quoted Price in	Significant
	Active Market for	Other	UnobservableI
	Identical Assets	Observable	Inputs
	(Level 1)	Inputs (Level 2)	(Level 3)	Total Losses
	RMB	RMB	RMB	RMB
Non-recurring
Long-term investment included in other non-current assets	—	—	5,000	10,000

Schedule of changes in Level 3 instrument measured at fair value on a recurring basis


		Warrant
		liability
		RMB
Balance as of January 1, 2016		—
Change in fair value		8,668
Foreign exchange effect		396
Balance as of December 31, 2016		9,064
Transfer to mezzanine equity		(8,982)
Foreign exchange effect		(82)
Fair value at December 31, 2017		—

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of financial instruments measured at fair value, including those classified in shareholders' equity measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, fair value measurements recorded and the reasons for the measurements, level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements are categorized and transfers between levels 1 and 2. Nonrecurring fair value measurements are those that are required or permitted in the statement of financial position in particular circumstances.

+ References + Details

Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Loss Per Share

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted net loss per share


	For the year ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Numerator:
Net loss	(291,977)	(525,115)	(10,217,125)	(1,486,020)
Deemed distribution to certain holders of Convertible Preferred Shares	(30,430)	—	(80,496)	(11,708)
Contribution from certain holder of Convertible Preferred Shares	—	26,413	—	—
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	(322,407)	(498,702)	(10,297,621)	(1,497,728)

Denominator: (in thousands of shares)
Weighted-average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding – basic and diluted	1,815,200	1,764,799	2,968,320	2,968,320

Loss per share – basic and diluted	(0.18)	(0.28)	(3.47)	(0.50)

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies.

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases


	RMB	US$
2019	100,708	14,647
2020	82,306	11,971
2021	74,687	10,863
2022	53,053	7,716
2023 and thereafter	4,664	678
Total	315,418	45,875

Condensed Financial Information of the Company (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Condensed Financial Information of the Company

Condensed balance sheets of parent company


	As of December 31,
	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	US$
ASSETS

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	663,645	5,541,746	806,014
Short-term investments	—	6,260,689	910,579
Prepayments and other current assets	5,579	18,789	2,733
Total current assets	669,224	11,821,224	1,719,326
Non-current assets
Intangible asset	—	2,579,338	375,149
Investments in subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	549,134	4,440,777	645,882
Total non-current assets	549,134	7,020,115	1,021,031
Total assets	1,218,358	18,841,339	2,740,357

LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS' (DEFICITS)/EQUITY

Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	13,395	18,745	2,726
Total current liabilities	13,395	18,745	2,726
Total liabilities	13,395	18,745	2,726

LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICITS)/EQUITY

Mezzanine equity
Series A1 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 71,849,380 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	4,224	—	—
Series A2 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 238,419,800 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	48,815	—	—
Series B1 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 211,588,720 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	219,448	—	—
Series B2 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 27,781,280 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	29,451	—	—
Series B3 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 145,978,540 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	153,009	—	—
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 292,414,780 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	327,786	—	—
Series C1 convertible preferred shares, net of subscription receivable of RMB13,758 and nil as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively (US$0.000005 par value; 56,430,180 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	96,052	—	—
Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 238,260,780 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	638,863	—	—
Series C3 Convertible Preferred Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 241,604,260 and nil shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively)	679,273	—	—
Total mezzanine equity	2,196,921	—	—

Shareholders’ (deficits)/equity
Class A Ordinary Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 6,208,214,480 shares authorized, 42,486,360 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017; 77,300,000,000 shares authorized, 2,381,240,988 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018, respectively)	1	78	11
Class B Ordinary Shares (US$0.000005 par value; 1,716,283,460 authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017; 2,200,000,000 authorized, 2,074,447,700 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018, respectively)	53	64	9
Additional paid-in capital	61,326	29,114,527	4,234,532
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income	(23,101)	1,035,783	150,648
Accumulated deficits	(1,030,237)	(11,327,858)	(1,647,569)
Total shareholders’ (deficits)/equity	(991,958)	18,822,594	2,737,631
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity, and shareholders’ (deficits)/equity	1,218,358	18,841,339	2,740,357

Condensed statements of comprehensive income of parent company


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Costs of revenues
Costs of online marketplace services	—	—	(491,069)	(71,423)
Total costs of revenues	—	—	(491,069)	(71,423)
Sales and marketing expenses	—	—	(4,106)	(597)
General and administrative expenses	(138)	(165)	(4,101)	(596)
Total operating expenses	(138)	(165)	(8,207)	(1,193)
Operating loss	(138)	(165)	(499,276)	(72,616)
Interest income	41	8,264	207,597	30,194
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	—	—	113	16
Share of losses from subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	(283,212)	(533,214)	(9,925,559)	(1,443,614)
Changes in the fair value of warrant liability	(8,668)	—	—	—
Loss before income tax	(291,977)	(525,115)	(10,217,125)	(1,486,020)
Income tax expenses	—	—
Net loss	(291,977)	(525,115)	(10,217,125)	(1,486,020)

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Foreign currency translation difference, net of tax of nil	20,001	(47,681)	1,058,884	154,008
Comprehensive loss	(271,976)	(572,796)	(9,158,241)	(1,332,012)

Condensed statement of cash flows of parent company


	For the years ended December 31,
	2016	2017	2018
	RMB	RMB	RMB	US$
Net cash generated from operating activities	(96)	2,753	110,724	16,104
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash given to purchase of short term investment	—	—	(6,146,370)	(893,952)
Cash given to subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	(338,016)	(1,058,908)	(6,749,831)	(981,722)
Net cash used in investing activities	(338,016)	(1,058,908)	(12,896,201)	(1,875,674)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Deemed distribution	(18,326)	—	—	—
Proceeds from initial public offering	—	—	11,879,944	1,727,866
Initial public offering costs	—	—	(356,313)	(51,823)
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Preferred Shares	511,911	1,446,906	5,824,568	847,148
Issuance costs	(7,047)	(15,369)	(3,842)	(559)
Repurchase of Class B Ordinary Shares	—	(32,677)	—	—
Net cash generated from financing activities	486,538	1,398,860	17,344,357	2,522,632
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	21,568	(47,820)	319,221	46,429
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	169,994	294,885	4,878,101	709,491
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	198,766	368,760	663,645	96,523
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year	368,760	663,645	5,541,746	806,014

Organization - Ownership interest (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Organization - Ownership interest (Details)	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2018
Hangzhou Aimi or VIE
Major subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and the subsidiary of the VIE
Percentage of direct or indirect ownership in VIEs		100.00%
Shanghai Xunmeng
Major subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and the subsidiary of the VIE
Percentage of direct or indirect ownership in VIEs	100.00%	100.00%
Walnut HK
Major subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and the subsidiary of the VIE
Percentage of ownership by the Company		100.00%
Hangzhou Weimi or WFOE
Major subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and the subsidiary of the VIE
Percentage of ownership by the Company		100.00%
Xinzhijiang
Major subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and the subsidiary of the VIE
Percentage of ownership by the Company		100.00%

Organization - The VIE agreements (Details) - Exclusive Consulting and Services Agreement	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
The VIE agreements
Term of agreement (in years)	10 years
Automatic extended term of agreement (in years)	10 years
Notice period for termination of agreement (in months)	3 months

Organization - Financial information for the VIE (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Jan. 01, 2018 CNY (¥)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,059,533		¥ 3,058,152	¥ 1,319,843	¥ 14,160,322
Restricted cash	2,382,280		9,370,849		16,379,364
Receivables from online payment Platforms	36,010		88,173		247,586
Short-term investments	1,109,838		50,000		7,630,689
Amounts due from related parties	148,212		442,912		1,019,033
Prepayments and other current assets	138,752		127,742		953,989
Total current assets	5,874,625		13,137,828		40,390,983
Non-current assets
Property and equipment, net	4,229		9,279		29,075
Loan to a related party			162,363
Other non-current assets	26,568		5,000		182,667
Total non-current assets	405,946		176,642		2,791,080
Total Assets	6,280,571		13,314,470		43,182,063
Current liabilities
Amounts due to related parties	69,539		76,057		478,113
Customer advances	27,850		56,453		191,482	¥ 56,453
Payable to merchants	2,512,680		9,838,519		17,275,934
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	323,712		360,393		2,225,667
Merchant deposits	609,159		1,778,085		4,188,273
Total current liabilities	3,542,940		12,109,507		24,359,469
Total liabilities	3,542,940		12,109,507		24,359,469
Consolidated statement of income (loss)
Net revenues	1,908,223	¥ 13,119,990	1,744,076	504,864
Net loss	(1,486,020)	(10,217,125)	(525,115)	(291,977)
Consolidated statement of cashflows
Net cash flow generated from operating activities	1,129,798	7,767,927	9,686,328	879,777
Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities	(1,097,885)	(7,548,509)	71,651	(307,301)
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,522,632	17,344,357	1,398,860	486,538
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	2,634,090	¥ 18,110,685	11,109,158	1,079,411
Restricted cash	2,382,280		9,370,849		16,379,364
ASU 2016-18 \| Proforma Adjustment
Current assets
Restricted cash			9,370,849	0
Consolidated statement of cashflows
Restricted cash			9,370,849	¥ 0
Consolidated VIE
Current liabilities
Amounts due to related parties	66,635		56,032		458,147
Customer advances	27,690		56,453		190,382
Payable to merchants	2,512,680		9,838,519		17,275,934
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	218,304		208,301		1,500,951
Merchant deposits	$ 609,159		¥ 1,778,085		4,188,273
Consolidated VIE \| Consolidated revenues
Financial information for the VIE
Concentration (as a percent)	77.30%	77.30%	100.00%	72.40%
Consolidated VIE \| Consolidated total assets
Financial information for the VIE
Concentration (as a percent)	53.10%	53.10%	92.80%
Consolidated VIE \| Consolidated total liabilities
Financial information for the VIE
Concentration (as a percent)	96.90%	96.90%	98.60%
Reportable legal entity \| Consolidated VIE
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 513,318		¥ 2,192,667		3,529,316
Restricted cash	2,382,280		9,370,849		16,379,364
Receivables from online payment Platforms	36,010		88,173		247,586
Short-term investments	189,077		40,000		1,300,000
Amounts due from related parties	148,202		442,669		1,018,963
Amounts due from Group companies	82,191				565,101
Prepayments and other current assets	64,227		57,445		441,590
Total current assets	3,415,305		12,191,803		23,481,920
Non-current assets
Property and equipment, net	2,411		2,212		16,578
Loan to a related party			162,363
Other non-current assets			5,000
Total non-current assets	2,411		169,575		16,578
Total Assets	3,417,716		12,361,378		23,498,498
Current liabilities
Amounts due to Group companies	229,152		561,922		1,575,534
Amounts due to related parties	66,635		56,032		458,147
Customer advances	27,690		56,453		190,382
Payable to merchants	2,512,680		9,838,519		17,275,934
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	218,304		208,301		1,500,951
Merchant deposits	609,159		1,778,085		4,188,273
Total current liabilities	3,663,620		12,499,312		25,189,221
Total liabilities	3,663,620		12,499,312		25,189,221
Consolidated statement of income (loss)
Net revenues	1,517,750	¥ 10,435,289	1,951,646	¥ 389,141
Net loss	(225,844)	(1,552,789)	(8,924)	(116,034)
Consolidated statement of cashflows
Net cash flow generated from operating activities	1,306,741	8,984,498	10,391,383	1,156,387
Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities	(166,839)	(1,147,101)	88,404	(305,473)
Net cash provided by financing activities	73,852	507,767	200,000
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,213,754	8,345,164	10,679,787	850,914
Prepayments for technical service fee	69,821				480,052
Inter-company borrowings payable	37,563		549,135		258,263
Restricted cash	2,382,280		9,370,849		¥ 16,379,364
Reportable legal entity \| Group companies \| Consolidated VIE
Consolidated statement of income (loss)
Net revenues	43,403	298,415	207,570	23,725
Reportable legal entity \| External \| Consolidated VIE
Consolidated statement of income (loss)
Net revenues	$ 1,474,347	¥ 10,136,874	¥ 1,744,076	¥ 365,416

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Convenience translation (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Convenience translation rate (USD to RMB)	6.8755

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Restricted cash (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Restricted cash
Restricted cash	$ 2,382,280	¥ 16,379,364	¥ 9,370,849
ASU 2016-18 \| Proforma Adjustment
Restricted cash
Restricted cash			¥ 9,370,849	¥ 0

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Property and equipment (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property and Equipment, Net
Impairment of any long-lived assets	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0
Computer and office equipment
Property and Equipment, Net
Estimated useful life	3 years

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Advertising expenditures (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Advertising expenditures recognized in sales and marketing expenses	$ 1,871,549	¥ 12,867,833	¥ 1,259,610	¥ 113,691

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Segment reporting (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Number of reportable segment	1

Concentration of Risks (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Concentration Risk
Total costs	$ 422,551	¥ 2,905,249	¥ 722,830	¥ 577,870
Minimum number of years for economic reform policies pursuing by PRC government	20 years	20 years
Percentage of appreciation (depreciation) of US dollar against RMB	5.00%	5.00%	(5.80%)	6.80%
Business supplier risk \| Total cost \| Supplier A
Concentration Risk
Total costs		¥ 550,832
Business supplier risk \| Total cost \| Supplier B
Concentration Risk
Total costs		¥ 491,798	¥ 459,982
Business supplier risk \| Total cost \| Supplier C
Concentration Risk
Total costs			¥ 81,009

Short-term Investments (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Short-term Investments
Interest income on short-term investments	$ 16,833	¥ 115,737	¥ 12,483	¥ 1,522

Prepayments and Other Current Assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Prepayments and Other Current Assets
Prepayments	$ 97,028	¥ 667,113	¥ 35,104
VAT recoverable	9,164	63,005	33,364
Rental and other deposits	9,440	64,902	14,589
Loan to a third party	5,091	35,000	2,456
Staff advances	1,144	7,868	3,689
Payments made on behalf of merchants	1,198	8,234	4,914
Interest receivables	14,699	101,062	26,529
Others	988	6,805	7,097
Total	$ 138,752	¥ 953,989	¥ 127,742

Property and Equipment, Net (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Property and Equipment, Net
At cost	$ 5,499	¥ 37,802	¥ 12,275
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,270)	(8,727)	(2,996)
Property and Equipment, Net	4,229	29,075	9,279
Computer and office equipment
Property and Equipment, Net
At cost	3,949	27,148	7,256
Leasehold improvement
Property and Equipment, Net
At cost	$ 1,550	¥ 10,654	¥ 5,019

Property and Equipment, Net - Depreciation expenses (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Property and Equipment, Net
Depreciation expenses	$ 863	¥ 5,934	¥ 2,265	¥ 756
Costs of revenues
Property and Equipment, Net
Depreciation expenses	188	1,291	553	321
Sales and marketing expenses
Property and Equipment, Net
Depreciation expenses	117	805	546	163
General and administrative expenses
Property and Equipment, Net
Depreciation expenses	156	1,074	181	68
Research and development expenses
Property and Equipment, Net
Depreciation expenses	$ 402	¥ 2,764	¥ 985	¥ 204

Intangible Asset (Details) - 12 months ended Dec. 31, 2018 ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	USD ($)	CNY (¥)
Intangible Asset
Addition		¥ 2,852,370
Amortization	$ (71,423)	(491,069)
Foreign currency translation difference		218,037
Intangible asset, ending balance		2,579,338
Impairment charges		¥ 0

Intangible Asset -Estimated annual amortization expense (Details) - Dec. 31, 2018 ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	USD ($)	CNY (¥)
Intangible Asset
2019	$ 89,951	¥ 618,458
2020	89,951	618,458
2021	89,951	618,458
2022	89,951	618,458
2023	$ 16,017	¥ 110,125

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Payroll payable	$ 56,667	¥ 389,615	¥ 61,153
Accrued expenses	199,474	1,371,483	192,034
VAT and other tax payable	63,486	436,495	104,197
Others	4,085	28,074	3,009
Total	$ 323,712	¥ 2,225,667	¥ 360,393

Ordinary Shares (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
Ordinary Shares (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Jul. 26, 2018 USD ($) shares	Jul. 26, 2018 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2018 shares	Dec. 31, 2017 shares
Number of ordinary shares issued			366,943,308
IPO
Total Proceeds, net of issuance cost	$ 1,690,696	¥ 11,523,631
ADSs \| IPO
Number of ordinary shares issued	85,600,000	85,600,000
Class A ordinary shares
Shares issued			2,381,240,988	42,486,360
Class A ordinary shares \| IPO
Number of ordinary shares issued	342,400,000	342,400,000

Revenues (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Revenues (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Revenues
Revenues	$ 1,908,223	¥ 13,119,990	¥ 1,744,076	¥ 504,864
Online marketplace services
Revenues
Revenues	1,908,223	13,119,990	1,740,691	48,276
Online marketing services
Revenues
Revenues	1,674,871	11,515,575	1,209,275
Transaction services
Revenues
Revenues	$ 233,352	¥ 1,604,415	531,416	48,276
Merchandise sales
Revenues
Revenues			¥ 3,385	¥ 456,588

Revenues- Contract balances (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Revenues
Customer advances	¥ 56,453		$ 27,850	¥ 191,482	¥ 56,453
Customer liability	38,935		$ 10,609	¥ 72,939
Revenues recognized from the carrying value of customer advances and contract liability	¥ 44,704	¥ 38,935

Share-Based Compensation - Summary (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
2015 Plan and the 2018 Plan \| Stock Options
Share-Based Compensation
Required Service period (in years)		4 years
Annual vesting percentage		25.00%
Restricted period of holding after exercise (in years)		3 years
Additional implicit service period (in years)		3 years
Vesting period (in years)		7 years
Liability recognized for receipt of exercise prices before end of lock-up periods.		¥ 0	¥ 0
2015 Plan \| Stock Options
Share-Based Compensation
Number of shares authorized		945,103,260
Term of the options (in years)		10 years
2018 Plan \| RSU
Share-Based Compensation
Number of shares authorized	363,130,400
Term of the options (in years)		4 years
Percentage of annual increase on shares issued	1.00%
Annual vesting percentage		25.00%
Vesting percentage on 2nd anniversary of the grant date		50.00%
Vesting percentage on 3rd and 4th anniversary of the grant date		25.00%

Share-Based Compensation - Summary of Group's option activities (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥) shares
Weighted average remaining contractual term
Fair value of vested options	$ 6,687	¥ 45,979		¥ 13,525		¥ 3,106
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense relating to unvested options	$ 1,185,616							¥ 8,151,703
Weighted-average period for recognition of share-based compensation expense relating to unvested options	5 years 7 months 21 days	5 years 7 months 21 days
2015 Plan and the 2018 Plan
Number of share options
Outstanding at beginning of the year (in shares) \| shares	272,442,860	272,442,860	203,733,060	203,733,060	101,468,440	101,468,440
Granted (in shares) \| shares	359,390,000	359,390,000	78,560,000	78,560,000	102,264,620	102,264,620
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(2,240,000)	(2,240,000)	(9,850,200)	(9,850,200)
Outstanding at end of the year (in shares) \| shares	629,592,860	629,592,860	272,442,860	272,442,860	203,733,060	203,733,060	101,468,440
Vested and expected to vest at end of the year (in shares) \| shares	629,592,860		272,442,860		203,733,060			629,592,860
Weighted average exercise price
Outstanding at beginning of the year (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0065		$ 0.0065		$ 0.0065
Granted (in dollars per share)	0.0065		0.0065		0.0065
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0.0065		0.0065
Outstanding at end of the year (in dollars per share)	0.0065		0.0065		0.0065		$ 0.0065
Vested and expected to vest at end of the year (in dollars per share)	0.0065		0.0065		0.0065
Weighted average grant date fair value
Outstanding at beginning of the year	0.0706		0.0301		0.0184
Granted	3.6289		0.1736		0.0416
Forfeited	2.5006		0.0544
Outstanding at end of the year	2.0931		0.0706		0.0301		$ 0.0184
Vested and expected to vest at end of the year	$ 2.0931		$ 0.0706		$ 0.0301
Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at beginning of the year (in dollars) \| $	$ 144,258		$ 10,390		$ 2,385
Outstanding at end of the year (in dollars) \| $	3,527,924		144,258		10,390		$ 2,385
Vested and expected to vest at end of the year (in dollars) \| $	$ 3,527,924		$ 144,258		$ 10,390
Weighted average remaining contractual term
Outstanding (in years)	8 years 7 months 21 days	8 years 7 months 21 days	8 years 6 months 26 days	8 years 6 months 26 days	9 years 3 months	9 years 3 months	9 years 9 months 26 days
Vested and expected to vest at end of the year (in years)	8 years 7 months 21 days	8 years 7 months 21 days	8 years 6 months 26 days	8 years 6 months 26 days	9 years 3 months	9 years 3 months

Share-Based Compensation - Assumptions to estimate the fair value of options (Details) - Stock Options	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016 $ / shares
Share-Based Compensation
Risk-free interest rate, minimum (in percent)	2.97%	2.26%	1.75%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum (in percent)	3.13%	2.57%	2.66%
Expected volatility, minimum (in percent)	46.23%	48.08%	49.63%
Expected volatility, maximum (in percent)	48.63%	49.35%	50.39%
Expected dividend yield (in percent)	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Exercise multiple	2.80	2.80	2.80
Post-vesting forfeit rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Fair value of underlying Ordinary Share, minimum (in dollars per share)	$ 1.5146	$ 0.0858	$ 0.0308
Fair value of underlying Ordinary Share, maximum (in dollars per share)	5.7400	0.5359	0.0577
Fair value of share option, minimum	1.5091	0.0808	0.0273
Fair value of share option, maximum	$ 5.7335	$ 0.5302	$ 0.0531

Share-Based Compensation - Summary of RSU activities (Details) - 12 months ended Dec. 31, 2018 ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	$ / shares	CNY (¥) shares	USD ($) $ / shares shares	CNY (¥) shares
Weighted average grand date fair value
Weighted-average period for recognition of share-based compensation expense relating to unvested options		5 years 7 months 21 days
2018 Plan \| RSU
Number of RSUs
Granted (in shares) \| shares		8,295,240
Outstanding at end of the year (in shares) \| shares		8,295,240
Vested and expected to vest at end of the year (in shares) \| shares			8,295,240	8,295,240
Weighted average grand date fair value
Granted	$ 6.2519
Outstanding at end of the year	6.2519
Vested and expected to vest at end of the year			6.2519
Weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted	$ 6.2519		$ 6.2519
Total fair value of RSUs vested during the period \| ¥		¥ 0
Unrecognized share-based compensation expenses			$ 47,278	¥ 325,060
Weighted-average period for recognition of share-based compensation expense relating to unvested options		3 years 9 months 22 days

Share-Based Compensation - Recognized share-based compensation expenses (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2018 CNY (¥) shares	Feb. 28, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Recognized share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expense recognized				$ 995,065	¥ 6,841,573	¥ 116,505	¥ 4,064
Shares issued \| shares				254,473,500	254,473,500
Costs of revenues
Recognized share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expense recognized				$ 507	¥ 3,488	796	276
Sales and marketing expenses
Recognized share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expense recognized				59,022	405,805	1,675	563
General and administrative expenses
Recognized share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expense recognized				915,742	6,296,186	108,141	1,477
Share-based compensation expense recognized on repurchase of ordinary shares \| ¥			¥ 103,125
General and administrative expenses \| A company controlled by the Founder \| Class B ordinary shares
Recognized share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expense recognized on repurchase of ordinary shares \| ¥					0	103,125	0
General and administrative expenses \| A company controlled by the Founder \| Class A ordinary shares
Recognized share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expense recognized	$ 865,932	¥ 5,953,717				0	0
Shares issued \| shares	254,473,500	254,473,500
The per share amount of share-based compensation expense \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005
Research and development expenses
Recognized share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expense recognized				$ 19,794	¥ 136,094	¥ 5,893	¥ 1,748

Income Taxes - Tax rates (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Taxes
Statutory tax rate (as a percent)			25.00%	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Preferential tax rate			$ 28,773	¥ 197,828
Hong Kong
Income Taxes
Statutory tax rate (as a percent)			16.50%	16.50%
Withholding tax rate (as a percent)			0.00%	0.00%
PRC
Income Taxes
Statutory tax rate (as a percent)			25.00%	25.00%
Withholding tax rate (as a percent)			10.00%	10.00%
Xinzhijiang \| PRC
Income Taxes
Preferential tax rate (as a percent)		15.00%
Shanghai Xunmeng \| PRC
Income Taxes
Preferential tax rate (as a percent)	15.00%

Income Taxes - current and deferred portions of income tax expense (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Income taxes
Current income tax expense	$ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0
Deferred tax expense	$ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0

Income Taxes - Group's loss before income taxes (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Income Taxes
Loss before income tax expenses	$ (1,486,020)	¥ (10,217,125)	¥ (525,115)	¥ (291,977)
Non-PRC
Income Taxes
Loss before income tax expenses	(1,030,311)	(7,083,904)	(108,086)	(12,839)
PRC
Income Taxes
Loss before income tax expenses	$ (455,709)	¥ (3,133,221)	¥ (417,029)	¥ (279,138)

Income Taxes - Components and reconciliation of the income tax expense (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Income taxes
Current income tax expenses or benefits	$ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0
Deferred income tax expenses or benefits	0	0	0	0
Reconciliations of the income tax expenses
Loss before income tax expenses	$ (1,486,020)	¥ (10,217,125)	¥ (525,115)	¥ (291,977)
PRC statutory tax rate (in percent)	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Income tax benefits at PRC statutory tax rate	$ (371,505)	¥ (2,554,281)	¥ (131,279)	¥ (72,994)
International tax rate differential	258,759	1,779,100	27,074	3,208
Preferential tax rate	28,773	197,828
Non-deductible expenses	5,342	36,726	6,890	7,120
Non-taxable income	(3,050)	(20,973)	(11,962)	(6,055)
Loss not recognized			22,747
Deferred tax items tax rate differential	(4,979)	(34,236)
Additional deduction of research and development expenses	(3,298)	(22,672)
Change in valuation allowance	$ 89,958	¥ 618,508	¥ 86,530	¥ 68,721

Income Taxes - Components of deferred tax assets (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Bad debt provision	$ 63	¥ 431	¥ 179
Impairment of a long term investment	364	2,500	2,500
Donations	436	3,000
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,505	10,345	18,766
Advertising expenses	61,360	421,883	89,529
Tax losses	50,005	343,809	52,486
Less: valuation allowance	(113,733)	(781,968)	¥ (163,460)
PRC
Taxable losses	$ 225,627	1,551,301
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries		0
Accrued withholding tax on earnings of subsidiaries		¥ 0

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefit (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Unrecognized Tax Benefit
Unrecognized tax benefit		¥ 0
Beginning Balance	$ (15,356)	(105,579)
Increase	(1,594)	(10,957)	¥ (105,579)
Decrease	15,356	105,579
Ending Balance	$ (1,594)	(10,957)	(105,579)
Accrued interest expense in relation to unrecognized tax benefit		¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 0

Related Party Transactions - Significant related party transactions (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Hangzhou Tuguan Technology Co., Ltd
Related Party Transactions
Services received from related party				¥ 102,995
Tencent Group
Related Party Transactions
Services received from related party	$ 184,185	¥ 1,266,362	¥ 516,014	54,286
Jiaxing Suda Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd
Related Party Transactions
Services received from related party				14,035
Toshare Group Holding Limited
Related Party Transactions
Services received from related party				7,824
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd
Related Party Transactions
Services received from related party			¥ 2,444	4,127
Merchandise sold through related party				¥ 137,399

Related Party Transactions - Related party balances (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Related Party Transactions
Amounts due from related parties	$ 148,212	¥ 1,019,033	¥ 442,912
Loan to a related party Non-current			162,363
Amounts due to related parties	$ 69,539	478,113	76,057
Interest rate on loan receivable	4.75%
Tencent Group
Related Party Transactions
Amounts due from related parties	$ 148,202	1,018,963	442,669
Amounts due to related parties	66,635	458,147	56,032
Suzhou Lebei Network Technology Co., Ltd
Related Party Transactions
Amounts due from related parties			221
Amounts due to related parties			1,016
Hangzhou LeGu Investment Consulting Co., Ltd
Related Party Transactions
Loan to a related party Non-current			162,363
Toshare Group Holding Limited
Related Party Transactions
Amounts due to related parties	$ 2,904	¥ 19,966	¥ 19,009

Other Non-Current Asset (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Other Non-Current Asset
Total advance	$ 26,568	¥ 182,667	¥ 5,000
Limited partnership funds
Other Non-Current Asset
Total advance	$ 26,615	¥ 182,991

Convertible Preferred Shares - Issuances of convertible preferred shares (Details)	12 Months Ended	24 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Conversion ratio for each Convertible Preferred Share into each Ordinary Share	1	1
Series A1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.0093	$ 0.0093
Number of Shares	71,849,380	71,849,380
Series A2 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.0336	$ 0.0336
Number of Shares	238,419,800	238,419,800
Series B1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.1576	$ 0.1576
Number of Shares	211,588,720	211,588,720
Series B2 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.1576	$ 0.1576
Number of Shares	27,781,280	27,781,280
Series B3 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.1576	$ 0.1576
Number of Shares	145,978,540	145,978,540
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.1710	$ 0.1710
Number of Shares	292,414,780	292,414,780
Series C1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.3545	$ 0.3545
Number of Shares	56,430,180	56,430,180
C2 Convertible Preferred Shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.3985	$ 0.3985
Number of Shares	238,260,780	238,260,780
Series C3 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 0.4139	$ 0.4139
Number of Shares	241,604,260	241,604,260
Series D Convertible Preferred Shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Original Issuance Price per Share \| $ / shares	$ 2.4832	$ 2.4832
Number of Shares	551,174,340	551,174,340
Stock split ratio of Convertible Preferred Shares	0.05
Conversion of stock, shares issued		0

Convertible Preferred Shares - Liquidation Prefrence (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Convertible Preferred Shares
Liquidation preference, percentage of issue price	100.00%
Compound annual rate	8.00%

Convertible Preferred Shares - Accounting for Convertible Preferred Shares (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares	Feb. 28, 2017 CNY (¥) shares	Feb. 29, 2016 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Convertible Preferred Shares
Deemed distribution							¥ 18,326
Repurchased and cancellation of Class B ordinary shares \| shares						56,430,180
Excess of the issuance price paid by investor over fair value encounter as contribution from shareholder						¥ 26,413
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Preferred Shares				$ 847,148	¥ 5,824,568	1,446,906	511,911
Increase to fair value of modified Convertible Preferred Shares as deemed dividends				$ 11,708	80,496		30,430
General and administrative expenses
Convertible Preferred Shares
Share-based compensation expense recognized on repurchase of ordinary shares		¥ 103,125
Series C1 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Excess of the issuance price paid by investor over fair value encounter as contribution from shareholder		¥ 26,413
Series B2 convertible preferred shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Special cash dividend approved			¥ 18,326
Series B1 Convertible Preferred Shares and Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Deemed distribution					¥ 0	¥ 0	¥ 12,104
Class B ordinary shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Repurchased and cancellation of Class B ordinary shares \| shares		56,430,180
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Preferred Shares		¥ 137,580
Class B ordinary shares \| Accumulated Deficits
Convertible Preferred Shares
Share-based compensation expense recognized on repurchase of ordinary shares		¥ 32,677
Series D Convertible Preferred Shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Number of shares issued \| shares	551,174,340
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Preferred Shares \| $	$ 918,670

Convertible Preferred Shares - Convertible Redeemable Preferred (Details) - IPO	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 shares
Class B ordinary shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Number of shares converted	103,690,740
Class A ordinary shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Number of shares converted	1,971,811,320

Convertible Preferred Shares - Convertible Preferred Shares warrant liability (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($) item
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares
Convertible Preferred Shares
Number of investors of Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares given an option to participate in next round of equity financing \| item		1
Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares Warrant [Member]
Convertible Preferred Shares
Discount resulted from Warrant exercised	$ 1,307	$ 2,400
Maximum \| Series C2 Convertible Preferred Shares Warrant [Member]
Convertible Preferred Shares
Purchase price of warrant reduced for every investment amount of US$1,000		$ 300

Fair Value Measurements - Fair value hierarchy (Details) - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurements
Impairment charge	¥ 0	¥ 10,000	¥ 0
Non-recurring \| Long-term investment included in other non-current assets
Fair Value Measurements
Assets fair value		10,000
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Recurring \| Warrant liability
Fair Value Measurements
Liabilities fair value			¥ 9,064
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Non-recurring \| Long-term investment included in other non-current assets
Fair Value Measurements
Assets fair value		¥ 5,000

Fair Value Measurements - Level 3 (Details) - Warrant liability - CNY (¥) ¥ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurements
Beginning balance	¥ 9,064
Change in fair value		¥ 8,668
Transfer to mezzanine equity	(8,982)
Foreign exchange effect	¥ (82)	396
Ending balance		¥ 9,064

Share Capital (Details)	12 Months Ended
Share Capital (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018 Vote shares
Class A ordinary shares
Share Capital
Number of votes entitled for each share \| Vote	1
Number of ordinary shares reissued \| shares	42,486,360
Class B ordinary shares
Share Capital
Number of votes entitled for each share \| Vote	10
Number of ordinary shares reissued \| shares	1,716,283,460

Loss Per Share (Details) ¥ / shares in Units, $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) ¥ / shares shares
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (1,486,020)	¥ (10,217,125)	¥ (525,115)	¥ (291,977)
Deemed distribution to certain holders of Convertible Preferred Shares	(11,708)	(80,496)		(30,430)
Contribution from a holder of convertible preferred shares \| ¥			26,413
Net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders	$ (1,497,728)	¥ (10,297,621)	¥ (498,702)	¥ (322,407)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding-basic and diluted \| shares	2,968,320	2,968,320	1,764,799	1,815,200
Loss per share-basic and diluted \| (per share)	$ (0.50)	¥ (3.47)	¥ (0.28)	¥ (0.18)

- Definition

The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-SubTopic 10
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-Paragraph 1A
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (a)
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=115929826&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 230
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=108774443&loc=SL4569616-111683

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
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-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=115929826&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 810
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-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84234705&loc=SL4591552-111686

+ Details

Restricted Net Assets (Details) - 12 months ended Dec. 31, 2018 ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	USD ($)	CNY (¥)
Restricted Net Assets
Minimum percentage of after tax profit to be allocated to general reserve	10.00%
Limit of general reserve fund as a percentage of registered capital, after which allocations to general reserve fund are no longer required	50.00%
Restricted net assets of Company's PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	$ 183,619	¥ 1,262,472

Mainland China Employee Contribution Plan (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Mainland China Employee Contribution Plan
Total expenses incurred for government statutory employee benefit plans	$ 19,446	¥ 133,699	¥ 30,795	¥ 11,791

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Dec. 31, 2018 ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	USD ($)	CNY (¥)
Future minimum lease payments
2019	$ 14,647	¥ 100,708
2020	11,971	82,306
2021	10,863	74,687
2022	7,716	53,053
2023 and thereafter	678	4,664
Total	$ 45,875	¥ 315,418

Subsequent Events (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands			12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Feb. 28, 2019 USD ($) shares	Feb. 28, 2019 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2018 shares	Dec. 31, 2017 shares
Subsequent Events
Number of ordinary shares issued			366,943,308
Class A ordinary shares
Subsequent Events
Shares issued			2,381,240,988	42,486,360
Subsequent Events \| Follow-on public offering
Subsequent Events
Total Proceeds, net of issuance cost	$ 1,180,080	¥ 8,113,640
Subsequent Events \| ADSs \| Follow-on public offering
Subsequent Events
Number of ordinary shares issued	48,435,000	48,435,000
Subsequent Events \| Class A ordinary shares \| Follow-on public offering
Subsequent Events
Number of ordinary shares issued	193,740,000	193,740,000

Condensed Financial Information of the Company - Balance sheets (Details) $ / shares in Units, ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 CNY (¥)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,059,533	¥ 14,160,322		¥ 3,058,152	¥ 1,319,843
Short-term investments	1,109,838	7,630,689		50,000
Prepayments and other current assets	138,752	953,989		127,742
Total current assets	5,874,625	40,390,983		13,137,828
Non-current assets
Intangible asset	375,149	2,579,338
Total non-current assets	405,946	2,791,080		176,642
Total Assets	6,280,571	43,182,063		13,314,470
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	323,712	2,225,667		360,393
Total current liabilities	3,542,940	24,359,469		12,109,507
Total liabilities	3,542,940	24,359,469		12,109,507
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 2,196,921
Ordinary shares, outstanding				1,758,769,820	1,815,200,000
Shareholders' deficits
Additional paid-in capital	4,234,532	29,114,527		¥ 61,326
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income	150,648	1,035,783		(23,101)
Accumulated deficits	(1,647,569)	(11,327,858)		(1,030,237)
Total shareholders' (deficits)/equity	2,737,631	18,822,594		(991,958)	¥ (426,278)	¥ (127,936)
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' (deficits)/equity	$ 6,280,571	¥ 43,182,063		13,314,470
Series A1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 4,224
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		$ 0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		71,849,380
Convertible preferred shares, issued				71,849,380
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding				71,849,380
Series A2 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 48,815
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		238,419,800
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		238,419,800
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		238,419,800
Series B1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 219,448
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		211,588,720
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		211,588,720
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		211,588,720
Series B2 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 29,451
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		27,781,280
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		27,781,280
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		27,781,280
Series B3 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 153,009
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		145,978,540
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		145,978,540
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		145,978,540
Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 327,786
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		292,414,780
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		292,414,780
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		292,414,780
Series C1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 96,052
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, subscription receivable \| ¥		¥ 0		¥ 13,758
C2 Convertible Preferred Shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 638,863
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		238,260,780
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		238,260,780
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		238,260,780
Series C3 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 679,273
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized				241,604,260
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		241,604,260
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding				241,604,260
Class A ordinary shares
Mezzanine equity
Ordinary shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Ordinary shares, shares authorized	77,300,000,000	77,300,000,000		6,208,214,480
Shares issued	2,381,240,988	2,381,240,988		42,486,360
Ordinary shares, outstanding	2,381,240,988	2,381,240,988		42,486,360
Shareholders' deficits
Common Shares	$ 11	¥ 78		¥ 1
Class B ordinary shares
Mezzanine equity
Ordinary shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Ordinary shares, shares authorized	2,200,000,000	2,200,000,000		1,716,283,460
Shares issued	2,074,447,700	2,074,447,700		1,716,283,460
Ordinary shares, outstanding	2,074,447,700	2,074,447,700		1,716,283,460
Shareholders' deficits
Common Shares	$ 9	¥ 64		¥ 53
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	806,014	5,541,746		663,645
Short-term investments	910,579	6,260,689
Prepayments and other current assets	2,733	18,789		5,579
Total current assets	1,719,326	11,821,224		669,224
Non-current assets
Intangible asset	375,149	2,579,338
Investments in subsidiaries, the VIE and a subsidiary of the VIE	645,882	4,440,777		549,134
Total non-current assets	1,021,031	7,020,115		549,134
Total Assets	2,740,357	18,841,339		1,218,358
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,726	18,745		13,395
Total current liabilities	2,726	18,745		13,395
Total liabilities	2,726	18,745		13,395
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				2,196,921
Shareholders' deficits
Additional paid-in capital	4,234,532	29,114,527		61,326
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income	150,648	1,035,783		(23,101)
Accumulated deficits	(1,647,569)	(11,327,858)		(1,030,237)
Total shareholders' (deficits)/equity	2,737,631	18,822,594		(991,958)
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders' (deficits)/equity	$ 2,740,357	¥ 18,841,339		1,218,358
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Series A1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 4,224
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		71,849,380
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		71,849,380
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		71,849,380
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Series A2 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 48,815
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		238,419,800
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		238,419,800
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		238,419,800
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Series B1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 219,448
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		211,588,720
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		211,588,720
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		211,588,720
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Series B2 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 29,451
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		27,781,280
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		27,781,280
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		27,781,280
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Series B3 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 153,009
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		145,978,540
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		145,978,540
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		145,978,540
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Series B4 Convertible Preferred Shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 327,786
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		292,414,780
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		292,414,780
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		292,414,780
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Series C1 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 96,052
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		56,430,180
Convertible preferred shares, subscription receivable \| ¥		¥ 0		¥ 13,758
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| C2 Convertible Preferred Shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 638,863
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		238,260,780
Convertible preferred shares, issued	0	0		238,260,780
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding	0	0		238,260,780
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Series C3 convertible preferred shares
Mezzanine equity
Mezzanine equity \| ¥				¥ 679,273
Convertible preferred shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Convertible preferred shares, shares authorized	0	0		241,604,260
Convertible preferred shares, issued				241,604,260	241,604,260
Convertible preferred shares, outstanding				241,604,260	241,604,260
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Class A ordinary shares
Mezzanine equity
Ordinary shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		0.000005
Ordinary shares, shares authorized	77,300,000,000	77,300,000,000		6,208,214,480
Shares issued	2,381,240,988	2,381,240,988		42,486,360
Ordinary shares, outstanding	2,381,240,988	2,381,240,988		42,486,360
Shareholders' deficits
Common Shares	$ 11	¥ 78		¥ 1
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Class B ordinary shares
Mezzanine equity
Ordinary shares, par value \| $ / shares	$ 0.000005		$ 0.000005
Ordinary shares, shares authorized	2,200,000,000	2,200,000,000		1,716,283,460
Shares issued	2,074,447,700	2,074,447,700		1,716,283,460
Ordinary shares, outstanding	2,074,447,700	2,074,447,700		1,716,283,460
Shareholders' deficits
Common Shares	$ 9	¥ 64		¥ 53

Condensed Financial Information of the Company - Statements of comprehensive income (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Costs of revenues
Total costs of revenues	$ (422,551)	¥ (2,905,249)	¥ (722,830)	¥ (577,870)
Sales and marketing expenses	(1,955,031)	(13,441,813)	(1,344,582)	(168,990)
General and administrative expenses	(939,075)	(6,456,612)	(133,207)	(14,793)
Total operating expenses	(3,056,430)	(21,014,482)	(1,616,970)	(213,204)
Operating loss	(1,570,758)	(10,799,741)	(595,724)	(286,210)
Interest income	85,076	584,940	80,783	4,460
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	1,460	10,037	(11,547)	475
Changes in the fair value of warrant liability				(8,668)
Loss before income tax	(1,486,020)	(10,217,125)	(525,115)	(291,977)
Net loss	(1,486,020)	(10,217,125)	(525,115)	(291,977)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Foreign currency translation difference, net of tax of nil	154,008	1,058,884	(47,681)	20,001
Comprehensive loss	(1,332,012)	(9,158,241)	(572,796)	(271,976)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), tax		0	0	0
Foreign currency translation difference, tax		0	0	0
Online marketplace services
Costs of revenues
Total costs of revenues	(422,551)	(2,905,249)	(719,778)	(93,551)
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity
Costs of revenues
Total costs of revenues	71,423	491,069
Sales and marketing expenses	(597)	(4,106)
General and administrative expenses	(596)	(4,101)	(165)	(138)
Total operating expenses	(1,193)	(8,207)	(165)	(138)
Operating loss	(72,616)	(499,276)	(165)	(138)
Interest income	30,194	207,597	8,264	41
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	16	113
Share of losses from subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	(1,443,614)	(9,925,559)	(533,214)	(283,212)
Changes in the fair value of warrant liability				(8,668)
Loss before income tax	(1,486,020)	(10,217,125)	(525,115)	(291,977)
Net loss	(1,486,020)	(10,217,125)	(525,115)	(291,977)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax of nil
Foreign currency translation difference, net of tax of nil	154,008	1,058,884	(47,681)	20,001
Comprehensive loss	(1,332,012)	(9,158,241)	(572,796)	(271,976)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), tax		0	0	0
Foreign currency translation difference, tax		0	¥ 0	¥ 0
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity \| Online marketplace services
Costs of revenues
Total costs of revenues	$ 71,423	¥ 491,069

Condensed Financial Information of the Company - Statement of cash flows (Details) ¥ in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Statement of cash flows
Net cash flow generated from operating activities	$ 1,129,798	¥ 7,767,927	¥ 9,686,328	¥ 879,777
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash given to purchase of short term investment	(1,093,211)	(7,516,370)	(1,393,000)	(320,000)
Net cash flow (used in) / generated from investing activities	(1,097,885)	(7,548,509)	71,651	(307,301)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Deemed distribution				(18,326)
Proceeds from initial public offering	1,727,866	11,879,944
Initial public offering costs	(51,823)	(356,313)
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Preferred Shares	847,148	5,824,568	1,446,906	511,911
Repurchase of Class B ordinary shares			(32,677)
Net cash flow generated from financing activities	2,522,632	17,344,357	1,398,860	486,538
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	79,545	546,910	(47,681)	20,397
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	2,634,090	18,110,685	11,109,158	1,079,411
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	1,807,723	12,429,001	1,319,843	240,432
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year	4,441,813	30,539,686	12,429,001	1,319,843
Parent Company \| Reportable legal entity
Statement of cash flows
Net cash flow generated from operating activities	16,104	110,724	2,753	(96)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Cash given to purchase of short term investment	(893,952)	(6,146,370)
Cash given to subsidiary, the VIE and subsidiary of the VIE	(981,722)	(6,749,831)	(1,058,908)	(338,016)
Net cash flow (used in) / generated from investing activities	(1,875,674)	(12,896,201)	(1,058,908)	(338,016)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Deemed distribution				(18,326)
Proceeds from initial public offering	1,727,866	11,879,944
Initial public offering costs	(51,823)	(356,313)
Proceeds from issuance of Convertible Preferred Shares	847,148	5,824,568	1,446,906	511,911
Issuance costs	(559)	(3,842)	(15,369)	(7,047)
Repurchase of Class B ordinary shares			(32,677)
Net cash flow generated from financing activities	2,522,632	17,344,357	1,398,860	486,538
Exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	46,429	319,221	(47,820)	21,568
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	709,491	4,878,101	294,885	169,994
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	96,523	663,645	368,760	198,766
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year	$ 806,014	¥ 5,541,746	¥ 663,645	¥ 368,760